Transmission and Substations

Chapter 1 - Vegetation/Rights-of-Way Inspection

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Contributing Author

Mark F. Miller, P.E. Principal Engineer EDM International, Inc. Phone: 480.917.1434

Mark F. Miller received his B.S. in Electrical Engineering from the University of Colorado in 1980. He began working with EDM on various projects after working for 14 years at Montana Power Company. His electrical engineering experience at Montana Power involved the development and adaptation of new technologies to existing overhead utility practices. As Senior Engineer, Mr. Miller was involved in all phases of design, construction, operation, and maintenance of the electric transmission and distribution system within the Billings’ Division of Montana Power and was responsible for NESC Code compliance relating to joint use facilities.

Chapter 1 - Wood Transmission Structures

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Contributing Author

Robert F. Nelson Project Director EDM International, Inc.

Phone: 970-204-4001

RNelson@edmlink.com

Robert Nelson serves as Project Director for several projects involving reliability-centered management of existing transmission lines, and he is actively involved in the development of pole management programs for utilities throughout the United States. Specifically, his efforts focus on the management of overhead line assets through the development of processes geared toward extending the useful service life of utility overhead systems. These programs assess the existing condition of individual system components derived through field inspection utilizing aerial and ground patrol techniques relative to the required level of performance derived through structural analysis of the system. Electrical system components are judged relative to the inherent reliability of the system. Whether structural or electrical, the reasonable level of risk is derived through a combination of at least the following factors: governing safety code requirements, desired performance, budgetary limitations, long and short-term line requirements, and reasonable cost-benefit analysis.

Anatomy of Porcelain and Glass Disc Insulators

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Glass and porcelain disc insulators are of similar construction. The differences lie in the material, construction, and design of the dielectric shell.

FAMILY ASSIGNMENTS FOR SELECT GAS CIRCUIT BREAKERS

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Rated Voltage (kV)	Manufacturer	Breaker Model	Mechanism Model	Mechanism Model Type	Tank Type	EPRI Breaker Family Number	EPRI Breaker Family Name
38	MITSUBISHI	30-SFMT-40E-B	BM-1	Spring	Dead	G101	GAS-MITS-38/70-SFMT-BM-SPR
72.5	MITSUBISHI	70-SFMT-50HF	BM-2	Spring	Dead	G101	GAS-MITS-38/70-SFMT-BM-SPR
72.5	MITSUBISHI	70-SFMT-40SHE	BH-3.1	Spring	Dead	G101a	GAS-MITS-70-SFMT-BH-SPR
123	MITSUBISHI	100-SFMT-32LE	BM-1	Spring	Dead	G102	GAS-MITS-100/120/140-SFMT-BM-SPR
145	MITSUBISHI	120-SFMT-32LE	BM-1	Spring	Dead	G102	GAS-MITS-100/120/140-SFMT-BM-SPR
145	MITSUBISHI	120-SFMT-32LHE-1	BM-1	Spring	Dead	G102	GAS-MITS-100/120/140-SFMT-BM-SPR
145	MITSUBISHI	120-SFMT-40B	BM-2	Spring	Dead	G102	GAS-MITS-100/120/140-SFMT-BM-SPR
145	MITSUBISHI	120-SFMT-40HE	BM-1	Spring	Dead	G102	GAS-MITS-100/120/140-SFMT-BM-SPR
145	MITSUBISHI	120-SFMT-50HF	BM-2	Spring	Dead	G102	GAS-MITS-100/120/140-SFMT-BM-SPR
145	MITSUBISHI	120-SFMT-63HF	BM-2	Spring	Dead	G102	GAS-MITS-100/120/140-SFMT-BM-SPR
145	MITSUBISHI	120-SFMT-32LSHE	BH-3.1	Spring	Dead	G102a	GAS-MITS-100/120/140-SFMT-BH-SPR
145	MITSUBISHI	120-SFMT-40SHE	BH-3.1	Spring	Dead	G102a	GAS-MITS-100/120/140-SFMT-BH-SPR
170	MITSUBISHI	140-SFMT-40SGHE	BH-3.1	Spring	Dead	G102a	GAS-MITS-100/120/140-SFMT-BH-SPR
245	MITSUBISHI	200-SFMT-40HE	BM-2	Spring	Dead	G103	GAS-MITS-200-SFMT-BM-SPR
245	MITSUBISHI	200-SFMT-63HF	BM-2	Spring	Dead	G103	GAS-MITS-200-SFMT-BM-SPR
362	MITSUBISHI	300-SFMT-50HE	BM-2	Spring	Dead	G104	GAS-MITS-300-SFMT-BM-SPR
362	MITSUBISHI	300-SFMT-50SHE	BM-2	Spring	Dead	G104	GAS-MITS-300-SFMT-BM-SPR
362	MITSUBISHI	300-SFMT-63HE	BM-2	Spring	Dead	G104	GAS-MITS-300-SFMT-BM-SPR
245	MITSUBISHI	200-SFMT-40B	AM	Pneumatic	Dead	G105	GAS-MITS-200-SFMT-AM-PNE
245	MITSUBISHI	200-SFMT-50B	AM	Pneumatic	Dead	G105	GAS-MITS-200-SFMT-AM-PNE
245	MITSUBISHI	200-SFMT-63B	AM	Pneumatic	Dead	G105	GAS-MITS-200-SFMT-AM-PNE
362	MITSUBISHI	300-SFMT-40B	AM	Pneumatic	Dead	G106	GAS-MITS-300-SFMT-AM-PNE
362	MITSUBISHI	300-SFMT-50B	AM	Pneumatic	Dead	G106	GAS-MITS-300-SFMT-AM-PNE
550	MITSUBISHI	500-SFMT-50E	AM	Pneumatic	Dead	G107	GAS-MITS-500-SFMT-AM-PNE
550	MITSUBISHI	500-SFMT-63E	AM	Pneumatic	Dead	G107	GAS-MITS-500-SFMT-AM-PNE
550	MITSUBISHI	500-SFM-50B	AM-32	Pneumatic	Live	G107a	GAS-MITS-500-SFM-AM-PNE
550	MITSUBISHI	500-SFM-50E	AM-32	Pneumatic	Live	G107a	GAS-MITS-500-SFM-AM-PNE
123	MITSUBISHI	100-SFMT-40B	AM	Pneumatic	Dead	G108	GAS-MITS-100/120/140-SFMT-AM-PNE
145	MITSUBISHI	120-SFMT-32LE	AM	Pneumatic	Dead	G108	GAS-MITS-100/120/140-SFMT-AM-PNE
145	MITSUBISHI	120-SFMT-40B-2000A	AM	Pneumatic	Dead	G108	GAS-MITS-100/120/140-SFMT-AM-PNE
145	MITSUBISHI	120-SFMT-50B-2000A	AM	Pneumatic	Dead	G108	GAS-MITS-100/120/140-SFMT-AM-PNE
145	MITSUBISHI	120-SFMT-50B-3000A	AM	Pneumatic	Dead	G108	GAS-MITS-100/120/140-SFMT-AM-PNE
145	MITSUBISHI	145-SFMT-40B	AM	Pneumatic	Dead	G108	GAS-MITS-100/120/140-SFMT-AM-PNE
170	GOULD/ITE	169-GA80-20D	PG-14	Pneumatic		G110	GAS-GOULD-GA-PG-PNE
170	GOULD/ITE	169-GA80-30D	PG-10A	Pneumatic		G110	GAS-GOULD-GA-PG-PNE
245	GOULD/ITE	242-GA40-20C	PG-32B	Pneumatic		G110	GAS-GOULD-GA-PG-PNE
362	GOULD/ITE	362-GA40-20C	PG-32B	Pneumatic		G110	GAS-GOULD-GA-PG-PNE
362	GOULD/ITE	362-GA40-20C	PG-14	Pneumatic		G110	GAS-GOULD-GA-PG-PNE
550	GOULD/ITE	550-GA40-20C	PG-10	Pneumatic		G110	GAS-GOULD-GA-PG-PNE
48.3	SIEMENS	SP-48.3	SA-7	Pneumatic	Dead	G111	GAS-SIEM-SP-48/72-SA7-PNE
72.5	SIEMENS	SP-72.5	SA-7	Pneumatic	Dead	G111	GAS-SIEM-SP-48/72-SA7-PNE
145	SIEMENS	SPA-145	SA-7	Pneumatic	Dead	G112	GAS-SIEM-SPA-145/169-SA7-PNE
170	SIEMENS	SPA-169	SA-7	Pneumatic	Dead	G112	GAS-SIEM-SPA-145/169-SA7-PNE
48.3	SIEMENS	SPS-48.3-40-1	SPS-SE	Spring	Dead	G113	GAS-SIEM-SPS-48/72-SPSSE-SPR
72.5	SIEMENS	SPS-72.5-23-1	SPS-SE	Spring	Dead	G113	GAS-SIEM-SPS-48/72-SPSSE-SPR
72.5	SIEMENS	SPS-72.5-31.5-1	SPS-SE4	Spring	Dead	G113	GAS-SIEM-SPS-48/72-SPSSE-SPR
121	SIEMENS	SPS-121-40-2000	SPS-SE4	Spring	Dead	G114	GAS-SIEM-SPS-121/145-SPSSE-SPR
145	SIEMENS	SPS-145-40-2000	SPS-SE	Spring	Dead	G114	GAS-SIEM-SPS-121/145-SPSSE-SPR
145	SIEMENS	SPS-145-63-2000	SPS-SE	Spring	Dead	G114	GAS-SIEM-SPS-121/145-SPSSE-SPR
38	SIEMENS	SPS2-38-40-3000	FA2.20	Spring	Dead	G115	GAS-SIEM-SPS2-38/48/72-FA-SPR
48.3	SIEMENS	SPS2-48.3-40	FA2.20	Spring	Dead	G115	GAS-SIEM-SPS2-38/48/72-FA-SPR
72.5	SIEMENS	SPS2-72.5-20	FA2.20	Spring	Dead	G115	GAS-SIEM-SPS2-38/48/72-FA-SPR
72.5	SIEMENS	SPS2-72.5-31.5	FA2.20	Spring	Dead	G115	GAS-SIEM-SPS2-38/48/72-FA-SPR
72.5	SIEMENS	SPS2-72.5-40	FA2.20	Spring	Dead	G115	GAS-SIEM-SPS2-38/48/72-FA-SPR
123	SIEMENS	SPS2-123-20	FA2.20	Spring	Dead	G116	GAS-SIEM-SPS2-123/145/170-FA-SPR
123	SIEMENS	SPS2-123-31.5	FA2.20	Spring	Dead	G116	GAS-SIEM-SPS2-123/145/170-FA-SPR
123	SIEMENS	SPS2-123-40	FA2.20	Spring	Dead	G116	GAS-SIEM-SPS2-123/145/170-FA-SPR
123	SIEMENS	SPS2-123-50	FA2.20	Spring	Dead	G116	GAS-SIEM-SPS2-123/145/170-FA-SPR
123	SIEMENS	SPS2-123-63	FA2.20	Spring	Dead	G116	GAS-SIEM-SPS2-123/145/170-FA-SPR
123	SIEMENS	SPS2S-123-40	FA2.20	Spring	Dead	G116	GAS-SIEM-SPS2-123/145/170-FA-SPR
123	SIEMENS	SPS2S-123-50	FA2.20	Spring	Dead	G116	GAS-SIEM-SPS2-123/145/170-FA-SPR
123	SIEMENS	SPS2S-123-63	FA2.20	Spring	Dead	G116	GAS-SIEM-SPS2-123/145/170-FA-SPR
123	SIEMENS	SPS2S-123-80	FA2.20	Spring	Dead	G116	GAS-SIEM-SPS2-123/145/170-FA-SPR
145	SIEMENS	SPS2-145-20	FA2.20	Spring	Dead	G116	GAS-SIEM-SPS2-123/145/170-FA-SPR
145	SIEMENS	SPS2-145-31.5	FA2.20	Spring	Dead	G116	GAS-SIEM-SPS2-123/145/170-FA-SPR
145	SIEMENS	SPS2-145-40	FA2.20	Spring	Dead	G116	GAS-SIEM-SPS2-123/145/170-FA-SPR
145	SIEMENS	SPS2-145-50	FA2.20	Spring	Dead	G116	GAS-SIEM-SPS2-123/145/170-FA-SPR
145	SIEMENS	SPS2-145-63	FA2.20	Spring	Dead	G116	GAS-SIEM-SPS2-123/145/170-FA-SPR
145	SIEMENS	SPS2S-145-40	FA2.20	Spring	Dead	G116	GAS-SIEM-SPS2-123/145/170-FA-SPR
145	SIEMENS	SPS2S-145-50	FA2.20	Spring	Dead	G116	GAS-SIEM-SPS2-123/145/170-FA-SPR
145	SIEMENS	SPS2S-145-63	FA2.20	Spring	Dead	G116	GAS-SIEM-SPS2-123/145/170-FA-SPR
145	SIEMENS	SPS2S-145-80	FA2.20	Spring	Dead	G116	GAS-SIEM-SPS2-123/145/170-FA-SPR
170	SIEMENS	SPS2-170-20	FA2.20	Spring	Dead	G116	GAS-SIEM-SPS2-123/145/170-FA-SPR
170	SIEMENS	SPS2-170-31.5	FA2.20	Spring	Dead	G116	GAS-SIEM-SPS2-123/145/170-FA-SPR
170	SIEMENS	SPS2-170-40	FA2.20	Spring	Dead	G116	GAS-SIEM-SPS2-123/145/170-FA-SPR
170	SIEMENS	SPS2-170-50	FA2.20	Spring	Dead	G116	GAS-SIEM-SPS2-123/145/170-FA-SPR
170	SIEMENS	SPS2-170-63	FA2.20	Spring	Dead	G116	GAS-SIEM-SPS2-123/145/170-FA-SPR
170	SIEMENS	SPS2S-170-40	FA2.20	Spring	Dead	G116	GAS-SIEM-SPS2-123/145/170-FA-SPR
170	SIEMENS	SPS2S-170-50	FA2.20	Spring	Dead	G116	GAS-SIEM-SPS2-123/145/170-FA-SPR
170	SIEMENS	SPS2S-170-63	FA2.20	Spring	Dead	G116	GAS-SIEM-SPS2-123/145/170-FA-SPR
170	SIEMENS	SPS2S-170-80	FA2.20	Spring	Dead	G116	GAS-SIEM-SPS2-123/145/170-FA-SPR
245	SIEMENS	SPS2-245-20	FA	Spring	Dead	G117	GAS-SIEM-SPS2-245-FA-SPR
245	SIEMENS	SPS2-245-31.5	FA	Spring	Dead	G117	GAS-SIEM-SPS2-245-FA-SPR
245	SIEMENS	SPS2-245-40	FA	Spring	Dead	G117	GAS-SIEM-SPS2-245-FA-SPR
245	SIEMENS	SPS2-245-50	FA	Spring	Dead	G117	GAS-SIEM-SPS2-245-FA-SPR
245	SIEMENS	SPS2-245-63	FA	Spring	Dead	G117	GAS-SIEM-SPS2-245-FA-SPR
245	SIEMENS	SPS2S-245-40	FA	Spring	Dead	G117	GAS-SIEM-SPS2-245-FA-SPR
245	SIEMENS	SPS2S-245-50	FA	Spring	Dead	G117	GAS-SIEM-SPS2-245-FA-SPR
245	SIEMENS	SPS2S-245-63	FA	Spring	Dead	G117	GAS-SIEM-SPS2-245-FA-SPR
245	SIEMENS	SPS2S-245-80	FA	Spring	Dead	G117	GAS-SIEM-SPS2-245-FA-SPR
245	SIEMENS	SPS2S-245-90	FA	Spring	Dead	G117	GAS-SIEM-SPS2-245-FA-SPR
362	SIEMENS	SPS2-362-20	FA	Spring	Dead	G118	GAS-SIEM-SPS2-362-FA-SPR
362	SIEMENS	SPS2-362-31.5	FA	Spring	Dead	G118	GAS-SIEM-SPS2-362-FA-SPR
362	SIEMENS	SPS2-362-40	FA	Spring	Dead	G118	GAS-SIEM-SPS2-362-FA-SPR
362	SIEMENS	SPS2-362-50	FA	Spring	Dead	G118	GAS-SIEM-SPS2-362-FA-SPR
362	SIEMENS	SPS2-362-63	FA	Spring	Dead	G118	GAS-SIEM-SPS2-362-FA-SPR
362	SIEMENS	SPS2-362-80	FA	Spring	Dead	G118	GAS-SIEM-SPS2-362-FA-SPR
550	SIEMENS	SPS2-550-20	FA	Spring	Dead	G119	GAS-SIEM-SPS2-550-FA-SPR
550	SIEMENS	SPS2-550-31.5	FA	Spring	Dead	G119	GAS-SIEM-SPS2-550-FA-SPR
550	SIEMENS	SPS2-550-40	FA	Spring	Dead	G119	GAS-SIEM-SPS2-550-FA-SPR
550	SIEMENS	SPS2-550-50	FA	Spring	Dead	G119	GAS-SIEM-SPS2-550-FA-SPR
550	SIEMENS	SPS2-550-63	FA	Spring	Dead	G119	GAS-SIEM-SPS2-550-FA-SPR
245	SIEMENSALLIS	LPO-242	PH	Pneudraulic	Live	G120	GAS-SIEM-LPO-242-PH-PNED
362	SIEMENSALLIS	LPO-362	PH	Pneudraulic	Live	G121	GAS-SIEM-LPO-362-PH-PNED
550	SIEMENSALLIS	LPO-550	PH	Pneudraulic	Live	G121a	GAS-SIEM-LPO-550-PH-PNED
123	SIEMENS	TCP-121	PH-30	Pneudraulic	Dead	G122	GAS-SIEM-TCP-121/145-PH-PNED
145	SIEMENS	TCP-145	PH-30	Pneudraulic	Dead	G122	GAS-SIEM-TCP-121/145-PH-PNED
245	SIEMENS	TCP-242	PH-30	Pneudraulic	Dead	G123	GAS-SIEM-TCP-242-PH-PNED
72.5	HICO	HCSP		Spring	Dead	G126	GAS-HICO-HCSP-72-PNE
362	HICO	362 HCBP 63		Pneumatic	Dead	G127	GAS-HICO-HCBP-362-PNE
800	HICO			Pneumatic	Dead	G128	GAS-HICO-HCBP-800-PNE
800	ALSTOM/AREVA/GE	GL318	FK3-5	Spring	Live	G130	GAS-ALS/ARE-GL318-FK3-SPR
800	ALSTOM/AREVA/GE	GL318D	FK3-5	Spring	Live	G130	GAS-ALS/ARE-GL318-FK3-SPR
800	ALSTOM/AREVA/GE	GL318X	FK3-5	Spring	Live	G130	GAS-ALS/ARE-GL318-FK3-SPR
800	ALSTOM/AREVA/GE	GL318XD	FK3-5	Spring	Live	G130	GAS-ALS/ARE-GL318-FK3-SPR
72.5	GE	DT1-72.5F1 FK	FK3	Spring	Dead	G131	GAS-GE-DT1-72-FK3-SPR
72.5	GE	DT1-72.5F3 FK	FK3	Spring	Dead	G131	GAS-GE-DT1-72-FK3-SPR
123	GE	DT1-123 F1 FK	FK3	Spring	Dead	G132	GAS-GE-DT1-123/145/170-FK3-SPR
145	GE	DT1-145F1	FK3	Spring	Dead	G132	GAS-GE-DT1-123/145/170-FK3-SPR
170	GE	DT1-170F1	FK3	Spring	Dead	G132	GAS-GE-DT1-123/145/170-FK3-SPR
123	GE	DT1-123 F3 FK	FK3	Spring	Dead	G132	GAS-GE-DT1-123/145/170-FK3-SPR
145	GE	DT1-145F3 FK	FK3	Spring	Dead	G132	GAS-GE-DT1-123/145/170-FK3-SPR
170	GE	DT1-170F3 FK	FK3	Spring	Dead	G132	GAS-GE-DT1-123/145/170-FK3-SPR
245	GE	DT1-245P F1 FK	FK3	Spring	Dead	G133	GAS-GE-DT1-245-FK3-SPR
245	GE	DT1-245 F3 FK	FK3	Spring	Dead	G133	GAS-GE-DT1-245-FK3-SPR
362	GE	DT1-362	FK3	Spring	Dead	G134	GAS-GE-DT1-362-FK3-SPR
550	GE	DT2-550	FK3	Spring	Dead	G135	GAS-GE-DT2-550-FK3-SPR
72.5	GE/ALSTOM/AREVA	DT1-72.5F1	CRR4	Spring	Dead	G136	GAS-GE/ALS/ARE-DT1-72-CRR-SPR
72.5	GE/ALSTOM/AREVA	DT1-72.5F1	CRR4-5	Spring	Dead	G136	GAS-GE/ALS/ARE-DT1-72-CRR-SPR
123	GE/ALSTOM/AREVA	DT1-123F1	CRR5-4E	Spring	Dead	G137	GAS-GE-DT1-123/145/170-CRR-SPR
145	GE/ALSTOM/AREVA/AEG	DT1-145F1	CRR5-4E	Spring	Dead	G137	GAS-GE-DT1-123/145/170-CRR-SPR
170	GE/ALSTOM/AREVA/AEG	DT1-170F1	CRR5-4E	Spring	Dead	G137	GAS-GE-DT1-123/145/170-CRR-SPR
145	AREVA/ALSTOM	HGF 1012	FKF2-9	Spring	Dead	G138	GAS-ALS/ARE-HGF1012-145-FKF-SPR
245	AREVA/ALSTOM	HGF 1014	FKF2-9	Spring	Dead	G139	GAS-ALS/ARE-HGF1014-245-FKF-SPR
72.5	GE/SPRECHERE	HGF-309	FKF 1-2	Spring	Live	G141	GAS-GE/SPR-HGF309-72-FKF-SPR
145	GE/SPRECHERE	HGF-112/1C	FKF 2-6	Spring	Live	G142	GAS-GE/SPR-HGF112-145-FKF-SPR
72.5	AEG/ALSTOM	S1-72.5	CRR3	Spring	Live	G143	GAS-AEG/ALS-S1-72-CRR-SPR
145	AEG/ALSTOM	S1-145	CRR5-4B	Spring	Live	G144	GAS-AEG/ALS-S1-145-CRR-SPR
145	AEG/ALSTOM	S1-138	CRR5-4B	Spring	Live	G144	GAS-AEG/ALS-S1-145-CRR-SPR
145	AEG/ALSTOM	S1-145	FK3	Spring	Live	G144a	GAS-AEG/ALS-S1-145-FK3-SPR
121	HITACHI/HVB	HVB-121-40000	MPR	Pneumatic	Dead	G145	GAS-GE/HIT/HVB-HVB-121/145/169-MPR-PNE
145	HITACHI/HVB	HVB-145-40000	MPR-3	Pneumatic	Dead	G145	GAS-GE/HIT/HVB-HVB-121/145/169-MPR-PNE
170	GE/HITACHI/HVB	HVB-169-40000	MPR-3	Pneumatic	Dead	G145	GAS-GE/HIT/HVB-HVB-121/145/169-MPR-PNE
362	GE/HITACHI/HVB	HVB-362-40000	MPR-2-1	Pneumatic	Dead	G146	GAS-GE/HIT/HVB-HVB-362-MPR-PNE
362	GE/HITACHI/HVB	HVB-362-50000	MPR-2-1	Pneumatic	Dead	G146	GAS-GE/HIT/HVB-HVB-362-MPR-PNE
362	GE/HITACHI/HVB	HVB-362-40000-H		Hydraulic	Dead	G146a	GAS-GE/HIT/HVB-HVB-362-HYD
245	GE/HITACHI/HVB	HVB-242-40000	MPR-3	Pneumatic	Dead	G147	GAS-GE/HIT/HVB-HVB-242-MPR-PNE
245	GE/HITACHI/HVB	HVB-242-50000	MPR-3	Pneumatic	Dead	G147	GAS-GE/HIT/HVB-HVB-242-MPR-PNE
245	GE/HITACHI/HVB	HVB-242-63000	MPR-3	Pneumatic	Dead	G147	GAS-GE/HIT/HVB-HVB-242-MPR-PNE
550	GE/HITACHI/HVB	HVB-550-40000	MPR 4-1	Pneumatic	Dead	G148	GAS-GE/HIT/HVB-HVB-550-MPR-PNE
550	GE/HITACHI/HVB	HVB-550-63000		Hydraulic	Dead	G148a	GAS-GE/HIT/HVB-HVB-550-HYD
245	GE/AREVA	DT1-245 H1	HDS ATC 63/28-156	Hydraulic	Dead	G149	GAS-GE/ARE-DT1-245-HDS ATC-HYD
123	HICO	HCSP-124B	SOM-300	Spring	Dead	G150	GAS-HICO-HCSP-124B/144B-SOM-SPR
145	HICO	HCSP-144B	SOM-300	Spring	Dead	G150	GAS-HICO-HCSP-124B/144B-SOM-SPR
38	ABB	38PM31-12	FSA-2	Spring	Dead	G151	GAS-ABB-PM-38/48/72-FSA2-SPR
38	ABB	38PM31-20	FSA-2	Spring	Dead	G151	GAS-ABB-PM-38/48/72-FSA2-SPR
38	ABB	38PM31-30	FSA-2	Spring	Dead	G151	GAS-ABB-PM-38/48/72-FSA2-SPR
38	ABB	38PM40-12	FSA-2	Spring	Dead	G151	GAS-ABB-PM-38/48/72-FSA2-SPR
38	ABB	38PM40-20	FSA-2	Spring	Dead	G151	GAS-ABB-PM-38/48/72-FSA2-SPR
38	ABB	38PM40-30	FSA-2	Spring	Dead	G151	GAS-ABB-PM-38/48/72-FSA2-SPR
48.3	ABB	48PM31-12	FSA-2	Spring	Dead	G151	GAS-ABB-PM-38/48/72-FSA2-SPR
48.3	ABB	48PM31-20	FSA-2	Spring	Dead	G151	GAS-ABB-PM-38/48/72-FSA2-SPR
48.3	ABB	48PM31-30	FSA-2	Spring	Dead	G151	GAS-ABB-PM-38/48/72-FSA2-SPR
48.3	ABB	48PM40-12	FSA-2	Spring	Dead	G151	GAS-ABB-PM-38/48/72-FSA2-SPR
48.3	ABB	48PM40-20	FSA-2	Spring	Dead	G151	GAS-ABB-PM-38/48/72-FSA2-SPR
48.3	ABB	48PM40-30	FSA-2	Spring	Dead	G151	GAS-ABB-PM-38/48/72-FSA2-SPR
72.5	ABB	72PM31-12	FSA-2	Spring	Dead	G151	GAS-ABB-PM-38/48/72-FSA2-SPR
72.5	ABB	72PM31-20	FSA-2	Spring	Dead	G151	GAS-ABB-PM-38/48/72-FSA2-SPR
72.5	ABB	72PM31-30	FSA-2	Spring	Dead	G151	GAS-ABB-PM-38/48/72-FSA2-SPR
72.5	ABB	72PM40-12	FSA-2	Spring	Dead	G151	GAS-ABB-PM-38/48/72-FSA2-SPR
72.5	ABB	72PM40-20	FSA-2	Spring	Dead	G151	GAS-ABB-PM-38/48/72-FSA2-SPR
72.5	ABB	72PM40-30	FSA-2	Spring	Dead	G151	GAS-ABB-PM-38/48/72-FSA2-SPR
38	ABB	38PMI31-12	HMB-1	Hydraulic	Dead	G152	GAS-ABB-PMI-38/48/72-HMB-HYD
38	ABB	38PMI31-20	HMB-1	Hydraulic	Dead	G152	GAS-ABB-PMI-38/48/72-HMB-HYD
38	ABB	38PMI31-30	HMB-1	Hydraulic	Dead	G152	GAS-ABB-PMI-38/48/72-HMB-HYD
38	ABB	38PMI40-12	HMB-1	Hydraulic	Dead	G152	GAS-ABB-PMI-38/48/72-HMB-HYD
38	ABB	38PMI40-20	HMB-1	Hydraulic	Dead	G152	GAS-ABB-PMI-38/48/72-HMB-HYD
38	ABB	38PMI40-30	HMB-1	Hydraulic	Dead	G152	GAS-ABB-PMI-38/48/72-HMB-HYD
48.3	ABB	48PMI31-12	HMB-1	Hydraulic	Dead	G152	GAS-ABB-PMI-38/48/72-HMB-HYD
48.3	ABB	48PMI31-20	HMB-1	Hydraulic	Dead	G152	GAS-ABB-PMI-38/48/72-HMB-HYD
48.3	ABB	48PMI31-30	HMB-1	Hydraulic	Dead	G152	GAS-ABB-PMI-38/48/72-HMB-HYD
48.3	ABB	48PMI40-12	HMB-1	Hydraulic	Dead	G152	GAS-ABB-PMI-38/48/72-HMB-HYD
48.3	ABB	48PMI40-20	HMB-1	Hydraulic	Dead	G152	GAS-ABB-PMI-38/48/72-HMB-HYD
48.3	ABB	48PMI40-30	HMB-1	Hydraulic	Dead	G152	GAS-ABB-PMI-38/48/72-HMB-HYD
72.5	ABB	72PMI31-12	HMB-1	Hydraulic	Dead	G152	GAS-ABB-PMI-38/48/72-HMB-HYD
72.5	ABB	72PMI31-20	HMB-1	Hydraulic	Dead	G152	GAS-ABB-PMI-38/48/72-HMB-HYD
72.5	ABB	72PMI31-30	HMB-1	Hydraulic	Dead	G152	GAS-ABB-PMI-38/48/72-HMB-HYD
72.5	ABB	72PMI40-12	HMB-1	Hydraulic	Dead	G152	GAS-ABB-PMI-38/48/72-HMB-HYD
72.5	ABB	72PMI40-20	HMB-1	Hydraulic	Dead	G152	GAS-ABB-PMI-38/48/72-HMB-HYD
72.5	ABB	72PMI40-30	HMB-1	Hydraulic	Dead	G152	GAS-ABB-PMI-38/48/72-HMB-HYD
72.5	ABB	72PMI63-30	HMB-1	Hydraulic	Dead	G152	GAS-ABB-PMI-38/48/72-HMB-HYD
72.5	ABB	72PMI63-30B	HMB-1	Hydraulic	Dead	G152	GAS-ABB-PMI-38/48/72-HMB-HYD
72.5	ABB	72PMI63-40B	HMB-1	Hydraulic	Dead	G152	GAS-ABB-PMI-38/48/72-HMB-HYD
72.5	ABB	72PM40-C	MSD1	Spring	Dead	G153	GAS-ABB-PM-72-MSD-SPR
72.5	ABB	72PM31-12B	BLK-222	Spring	Dead	G153a	GAS-ABB-PM-72-BLK-SPR
72.5	ABB	72PM40-20B	BLK-222	Spring	Dead	G153a	GAS-ABB-PM-72-BLK-SPR
72.5	ABB	72PM40-30B	BLK-222	Spring	Dead	G153a	GAS-ABB-PM-72-BLK-SPR
123	ABB	121PM40-12	FSA-2	Spring	Dead	G154	GAS-ABB-PM-121/145/169-FSA2-SPR
123	ABB	121PM40-16	FSA-2	Spring	Dead	G154	GAS-ABB-PM-121/145/169-FSA2-SPR
123	ABB	121PM40-20	FSA-2	Spring	Dead	G154	GAS-ABB-PM-121/145/169-FSA2-SPR
123	ABB	121PM40-30	FSA-2	Spring	Dead	G154	GAS-ABB-PM-121/145/169-FSA2-SPR
123	ABB	121PM40-40	FSA-2	Spring	Dead	G154	GAS-ABB-PM-121/145/169-FSA2-SPR
145	ABB	145PM40-20	FSA-2	Spring	Dead	G154	GAS-ABB-PM-121/145/169-FSA2-SPR
145	ABB	145PM40-30	FSA-2	Spring	Dead	G154	GAS-ABB-PM-121/145/169-FSA2-SPR
145	ABB	145PM40-40	FSA-2	Spring	Dead	G154	GAS-ABB-PM-121/145/169-FSA2-SPR
170	ABB	169PM40-20	FSA-2	Spring	Dead	G154	GAS-ABB-PM-121/145/169-FSA2-SPR
170	ABB	169PM40-30	FSA-2	Spring	Dead	G154	GAS-ABB-PM-121/145/169-FSA2-SPR
170	ABB	169PM40-40	FSA-2	Spring	Dead	G154	GAS-ABB-PM-121/145/169-FSA2-SPR
123	ABB	121PM50-20	HMB-1.5	Hydraulic	Dead	G155	GAS-ABB-PM-121/145/169-HMB-HYD
123	ABB	121PM50-30	HMB-1.5	Hydraulic	Dead	G155	GAS-ABB-PM-121/145/169-HMB-HYD
123	ABB	121PM50-40	HMB-1.5	Hydraulic	Dead	G155	GAS-ABB-PM-121/145/169-HMB-HYD
123	ABB	121PM63-20	HMB-1.5	Hydraulic	Dead	G155	GAS-ABB-PM-121/145/169-HMB-HYD
123	ABB	121PM63-30	HMB-1.5	Hydraulic	Dead	G155	GAS-ABB-PM-121/145/169-HMB-HYD
123	ABB	121PM63-40	HMB-1.5	Hydraulic	Dead	G155	GAS-ABB-PM-121/145/169-HMB-HYD
145	ABB	145PM50-20	HMB-1.5	Hydraulic	Dead	G155	GAS-ABB-PM-121/145/169-HMB-HYD
145	ABB	145PM50-30	HMB-1.5	Hydraulic	Dead	G155	GAS-ABB-PM-121/145/169-HMB-HYD
145	ABB	145PM50-40	HMB-1.5	Hydraulic	Dead	G155	GAS-ABB-PM-121/145/169-HMB-HYD
145	ABB	145PM63-20	HMB-1.5	Hydraulic	Dead	G155	GAS-ABB-PM-121/145/169-HMB-HYD
145	ABB	145PM63-30	HMB-1.5	Hydraulic	Dead	G155	GAS-ABB-PM-121/145/169-HMB-HYD
145	ABB	145PM63-40	HMB-1.5	Hydraulic	Dead	G155	GAS-ABB-PM-121/145/169-HMB-HYD
170	ABB	169PM50-20	HMB-1.5	Hydraulic	Dead	G155	GAS-ABB-PM-121/145/169-HMB-HYD
170	ABB	169PM50-30	HMB-1.5	Hydraulic	Dead	G155	GAS-ABB-PM-121/145/169-HMB-HYD
170	ABB	169PM50-40	HMB-1.5	Hydraulic	Dead	G155	GAS-ABB-PM-121/145/169-HMB-HYD
123	ABB	123PM50-20B	HMB-2	Hydraulic	Dead	G155	GAS-ABB-PM-121/145/169-HMB-HYD
123	ABB	123PM50-30B	HMB-2	Hydraulic	Dead	G155	GAS-ABB-PM-121/145/169-HMB-HYD
123	ABB	123PM63-20B	HMB-2	Hydraulic	Dead	G155	GAS-ABB-PM-121/145/169-HMB-HYD
123	ABB	123PM63-30B	HMB-2	Hydraulic	Dead	G155	GAS-ABB-PM-121/145/169-HMB-HYD
145	ABB	145PM50-20B	HMB-2	Hydraulic	Dead	G155	GAS-ABB-PM-121/145/169-HMB-HYD
145	ABB	145PM50-30B	HMB-2	Hydraulic	Dead	G155	GAS-ABB-PM-121/145/169-HMB-HYD
145	ABB	145PM63-20B	HMB-2	Hydraulic	Dead	G155	GAS-ABB-PM-121/145/169-HMB-HYD
145	ABB	145PM63-30B	HMB-2	Hydraulic	Dead	G155	GAS-ABB-PM-121/145/169-HMB-HYD
123	ABB	123PM40-20B	BLK-222	Spring	Dead	G156	GAS-ABB-PM-121/145/169-BLK-SPR
123	ABB	123PM40-30B	BLK-222	Spring	Dead	G156	GAS-ABB-PM-121/145/169-BLK-SPR
145	ABB	145PM40-20B	BLK-222	Spring	Dead	G156	GAS-ABB-PM-121/145/169-BLK-SPR
145	ABB	145PM40-30B	BLK-222	Spring	Dead	G156	GAS-ABB-PM-121/145/169-BLK-SPR
170	ABB	170PM40-20B	BLK-222	Spring	Dead	G156	GAS-ABB-PM-121/145/169-BLK-SPR
170	ABB	170PM40-30B	BLK-222	Spring	Dead	G156	GAS-ABB-PM-121/145/169-BLK-SPR
121	ABB	121PMI40-20	HMB-1	Hydraulic	Dead	G157	GAS-ABB-PMI-121/145/169-HMB-HYD
121	ABB	121PMI40-30	HMB-1	Hydraulic	Dead	G157	GAS-ABB-PMI-121/145/169-HMB-HYD
121	ABB	121PMI40-40	HMB-1	Hydraulic	Dead	G157	GAS-ABB-PMI-121/145/169-HMB-HYD
121	ABB	121PMI50-20	HMB-1	Hydraulic	Dead	G157	GAS-ABB-PMI-121/145/169-HMB-HYD
121	ABB	121PMI50-30	HMB-1	Hydraulic	Dead	G157	GAS-ABB-PMI-121/145/169-HMB-HYD
121	ABB	121PMI50-40	HMB-1	Hydraulic	Dead	G157	GAS-ABB-PMI-121/145/169-HMB-HYD
121	ABB	121PMI63-20	HMB-1	Hydraulic	Dead	G157	GAS-ABB-PMI-121/145/169-HMB-HYD
121	ABB	121PMI63-30	HMB-1	Hydraulic	Dead	G157	GAS-ABB-PMI-121/145/169-HMB-HYD
121	ABB	121PMI63-40	HMB-1	Hydraulic	Dead	G157	GAS-ABB-PMI-121/145/169-HMB-HYD
145	ABB	145PMI40-20	HMB-1	Hydraulic	Dead	G157	GAS-ABB-PMI-121/145/169-HMB-HYD
145	ABB	145PMI40-30	HMB-1	Hydraulic	Dead	G157	GAS-ABB-PMI-121/145/169-HMB-HYD
145	ABB	145PMI40-40	HMB-1	Hydraulic	Dead	G157	GAS-ABB-PMI-121/145/169-HMB-HYD
145	ABB	145PMI50-20	HMB-1	Hydraulic	Dead	G157	GAS-ABB-PMI-121/145/169-HMB-HYD
145	ABB	145PMI50-30	HMB-1	Hydraulic	Dead	G157	GAS-ABB-PMI-121/145/169-HMB-HYD
145	ABB	145PMI50-40	HMB-1	Hydraulic	Dead	G157	GAS-ABB-PMI-121/145/169-HMB-HYD
145	ABB	145PMI63-20	HMB-1	Hydraulic	Dead	G157	GAS-ABB-PMI-121/145/169-HMB-HYD
145	ABB	145PMI63-30	HMB-1	Hydraulic	Dead	G157	GAS-ABB-PMI-121/145/169-HMB-HYD
145	ABB	145PMI63-40	HMB-1	Hydraulic	Dead	G157	GAS-ABB-PMI-121/145/169-HMB-HYD
170	ABB	169PMI40-20	HMB-1	Hydraulic	Dead	G157	GAS-ABB-PMI-121/145/169-HMB-HYD
170	ABB	169PMI40-30	HMB-1	Hydraulic	Dead	G157	GAS-ABB-PMI-121/145/169-HMB-HYD
170	ABB	169PMI40-40	HMB-1	Hydraulic	Dead	G157	GAS-ABB-PMI-121/145/169-HMB-HYD
170	ABB	169PMI50-20	HMB-1	Hydraulic	Dead	G157	GAS-ABB-PMI-121/145/169-HMB-HYD
170	ABB	169PMI50-30	HMB-1	Hydraulic	Dead	G157	GAS-ABB-PMI-121/145/169-HMB-HYD
170	ABB	169PMI50-40	HMB-1	Hydraulic	Dead	G157	GAS-ABB-PMI-121/145/169-HMB-HYD
145	ABB	145PM40-C	MSD	Spring	Dead	G158	GAS-ABB-PM-121/145/169-MSD-SPR
245	ABB	242PMI40-20	HMB-4	Hydraulic	Dead	G159	GAS-ABB-PMI-245-HMB-HYD
245	ABB	242PMI40-30	HMB-4	Hydraulic	Dead	G159	GAS-ABB-PMI-245-HMB-HYD
245	ABB	242PMI40-40	HMB-4	Hydraulic	Dead	G159	GAS-ABB-PMI-245-HMB-HYD
245	ABB	242PMI40-50	HMB-4	Hydraulic	Dead	G159	GAS-ABB-PMI-245-HMB-HYD
245	ABB	242PMI50-20	HMB-4	Hydraulic	Dead	G159	GAS-ABB-PMI-245-HMB-HYD
245	ABB	242PMI50-30	HMB-4	Hydraulic	Dead	G159	GAS-ABB-PMI-245-HMB-HYD
245	ABB	242PMI50-40	HMB-4	Hydraulic	Dead	G159	GAS-ABB-PMI-245-HMB-HYD
245	ABB	242PMI50-50	HMB-4	Hydraulic	Dead	G159	GAS-ABB-PMI-245-HMB-HYD
245	ABB	242PMI63-20	HMB-4	Hydraulic	Dead	G159	GAS-ABB-PMI-245-HMB-HYD
245	ABB	242PMI63-30	HMB-4	Hydraulic	Dead	G159	GAS-ABB-PMI-245-HMB-HYD
245	ABB	242PMI63-40	HMB-4	Hydraulic	Dead	G159	GAS-ABB-PMI-245-HMB-HYD
245	ABB	242PMI63-50	HMB-4	Hydraulic	Dead	G159	GAS-ABB-PMI-245-HMB-HYD
245	ABB	242PMI80-20	HMB-4	Hydraulic	Dead	G159	GAS-ABB-PMI-245-HMB-HYD
245	ABB	242PMI80-30	HMB-4	Hydraulic	Dead	G159	GAS-ABB-PMI-245-HMB-HYD
245	ABB	242PMI80-40	HMB-4	Hydraulic	Dead	G159	GAS-ABB-PMI-245-HMB-HYD
245	ABB	242PMI80-50	HMB-4	Hydraulic	Dead	G159	GAS-ABB-PMI-245-HMB-HYD
245	ABB	245PMI40-20B	HMB-4	Hydraulic	Dead	G159	GAS-ABB-PMI-245-HMB-HYD
245	ABB	245PMI40-30B	HMB-4	Hydraulic	Dead	G159	GAS-ABB-PMI-245-HMB-HYD
245	ABB	245PMI40-40B	HMB-4	Hydraulic	Dead	G159	GAS-ABB-PMI-245-HMB-HYD
245	ABB	245PMI50-20B	HMB-4	Hydraulic	Dead	G159	GAS-ABB-PMI-245-HMB-HYD
245	ABB	245PMI50-30B	HMB-4	Hydraulic	Dead	G159	GAS-ABB-PMI-245-HMB-HYD
245	ABB	245PMI50-40B	HMB-4	Hydraulic	Dead	G159	GAS-ABB-PMI-245-HMB-HYD
245	ABB	245PMI63-20B	HMB-4	Hydraulic	Dead	G159	GAS-ABB-PMI-245-HMB-HYD
245	ABB	245PMI63-30B	HMB-4	Hydraulic	Dead	G159	GAS-ABB-PMI-245-HMB-HYD
245	ABB	245PMI63-40B	HMB-4	Hydraulic	Dead	G159	GAS-ABB-PMI-245-HMB-HYD
245	ABB	245PMI90	HMB-4.2	Hydraulic	Dead	G159	GAS-ABB-PMI-245-HMB-HYD
245	ABB	242PMR40-20	HMB-1.8	Hydraulic	Dead	G160	GAS-ABB-PMR-245-HMB-HYD
245	ABB	242PMR40-30	HMB-1.8	Hydraulic	Dead	G160	GAS-ABB-PMR-245-HMB-HYD
245	ABB	242PMR40-40	HMB-1.8	Hydraulic	Dead	G160	GAS-ABB-PMR-245-HMB-HYD
245	ABB	245PMG40-20B	HMB-8	Hydraulic	Dead	G161	GAS-ABB-PMG-245-HMB-HYD
245	ABB	245PMG40-30B	HMB-8	Hydraulic	Dead	G161	GAS-ABB-PMG-245-HMB-HYD
245	ABB	245PMG40-40B	HMB-8	Hydraulic	Dead	G161	GAS-ABB-PMG-245-HMB-HYD
245	ABB	245PMG50-20B	HMB-8	Hydraulic	Dead	G161	GAS-ABB-PMG-245-HMB-HYD
245	ABB	245PMG50-30B	HMB-8	Hydraulic	Dead	G161	GAS-ABB-PMG-245-HMB-HYD
245	ABB	245PMG50-40B	HMB-8	Hydraulic	Dead	G161	GAS-ABB-PMG-245-HMB-HYD
245	ABB	245PMG63-20B	HMB-8	Hydraulic	Dead	G161	GAS-ABB-PMG-245-HMB-HYD
245	ABB	245PMG63-30B	HMB-8	Hydraulic	Dead	G161	GAS-ABB-PMG-245-HMB-HYD
245	ABB	245PMG63-40B	HMB-8	Hydraulic	Dead	G161	GAS-ABB-PMG-245-HMB-HYD
245	ABB	242PMG80-30	HMB-8	Hydraulic	Dead	G161	GAS-ABB-PMG-245-HMB-HYD
245	ABB	242PMG90-30	HMB-8.11	Hydraulic	Dead	G161	GAS-ABB-PMG-245-HMB-HYD
362	ABB	362PMI40-20	HMB-8.3	Hydraulic	Dead	G162	GAS-ABB-PMI-362-HMB-HYD
362	ABB	362PMI40-30	HMB-8.3	Hydraulic	Dead	G162	GAS-ABB-PMI-362-HMB-HYD
362	ABB	362PMI40-40	HMB-8.3	Hydraulic	Dead	G162	GAS-ABB-PMI-362-HMB-HYD
362	ABB	362PMI50-20	HMB-8.3	Hydraulic	Dead	G162	GAS-ABB-PMI-362-HMB-HYD
362	ABB	362PMI50-30	HMB-8.3	Hydraulic	Dead	G162	GAS-ABB-PMI-362-HMB-HYD
362	ABB	362PMI50-40	HMB-8.3	Hydraulic	Dead	G162	GAS-ABB-PMI-362-HMB-HYD
362	ABB	362PMI63-20	HMB-8.3	Hydraulic	Dead	G162	GAS-ABB-PMI-362-HMB-HYD
362	ABB	362PMI63-30	HMB-8.3	Hydraulic	Dead	G162	GAS-ABB-PMI-362-HMB-HYD
362	ABB	362PMI63-40	HMB-8.3	Hydraulic	Dead	G162	GAS-ABB-PMI-362-HMB-HYD
362	ABB	362PMI63-20B	HMB-4.3	Hydraulic	Dead	G162	GAS-ABB-PMI-362-HMB-HYD
362	ABB	362PMI63-30B	HMB-4.3	Hydraulic	Dead	G162	GAS-ABB-PMI-362-HMB-HYD
362	ABB	362PMI63-40B	HMB-4.3	Hydraulic	Dead	G162	GAS-ABB-PMI-362-HMB-HYD
362	ABB	362PMI63-50B	HMB-4.3	Hydraulic	Dead	G162	GAS-ABB-PMI-362-HMB-HYD
362	ABB	362PMR63-20B	HMB-4.1	Hydraulic	Dead	G162a	GAS-ABB-PMR-362-HMB-HYD
362	ABB	362PMR63-30B	HMB-4.1	Hydraulic	Dead	G162a	GAS-ABB-PMR-362-HMB-HYD
362	ABB	362PMR63-40B	HMB-4.1	Hydraulic	Dead	G162a	GAS-ABB-PMR-362-HMB-HYD
362	ABB	362PMR63-44B	HMB-4.1	Hydraulic	Dead	G162a	GAS-ABB-PMR-362-HMB-HYD
362	ABB	362PMR63-50B	HMB-4.1	Hydraulic	Dead	G162a	GAS-ABB-PMR-362-HMB-HYD
362	ABB	362PMR63-55B	HMB-4.1	Hydraulic	Dead	G162a	GAS-ABB-PMR-362-HMB-HYD
550	ABB	550PM40-20	HMB-8	Hydraulic	Dead	G163	GAS-ABB-PM-550-HMB-HYD
550	ABB	550PM40-30	HMB-8	Hydraulic	Dead	G163	GAS-ABB-PM-550-HMB-HYD
550	ABB	550PM40-40	HMB-8	Hydraulic	Dead	G163	GAS-ABB-PM-550-HMB-HYD
550	ABB	550PM50-20	HMB-8	Hydraulic	Dead	G163	GAS-ABB-PM-550-HMB-HYD
550	ABB	550PM50-30	HMB-8	Hydraulic	Dead	G163	GAS-ABB-PM-550-HMB-HYD
550	ABB	550PM50-40	HMB-8	Hydraulic	Dead	G163	GAS-ABB-PM-550-HMB-HYD
550	ABB	550PM63-20	HMB-8	Hydraulic	Dead	G163	GAS-ABB-PM-550-HMB-HYD
550	ABB	550PM63-30	HMB-8	Hydraulic	Dead	G163	GAS-ABB-PM-550-HMB-HYD
550	ABB	550PM63-40	HMB-8	Hydraulic	Dead	G163	GAS-ABB-PM-550-HMB-HYD
550	ABB	550PM80-20	HMB-8	Hydraulic	Dead	G163	GAS-ABB-PM-550-HMB-HYD
550	ABB	550PM80-30	HMB-8	Hydraulic	Dead	G163	GAS-ABB-PM-550-HMB-HYD
550	ABB	550PM80-40	HMB-8	Hydraulic	Dead	G163	GAS-ABB-PM-550-HMB-HYD
800	ABB	800PM40-20	HMB-8	Hydraulic	Dead	G164	GAS-ABB-PM-800-HMB-HYD
800	ABB	800PM40-30	HMB-8	Hydraulic	Dead	G164	GAS-ABB-PM-800-HMB-HYD
800	ABB	800PM40-40	HMB-8	Hydraulic	Dead	G164	GAS-ABB-PM-800-HMB-HYD
800	ABB	800PM40-50	HMB-8	Hydraulic	Dead	G164	GAS-ABB-PM-800-HMB-HYD
800	ABB	800PM50-20	HMB-8	Hydraulic	Dead	G164	GAS-ABB-PM-800-HMB-HYD
800	ABB	800PM50-30	HMB-8	Hydraulic	Dead	G164	GAS-ABB-PM-800-HMB-HYD
800	ABB	800PM50-40	HMB-8	Hydraulic	Dead	G164	GAS-ABB-PM-800-HMB-HYD
800	ABB	800PM50-50	HMB-8	Hydraulic	Dead	G164	GAS-ABB-PM-800-HMB-HYD
800	ABB	800PM63-20	HMB-8	Hydraulic	Dead	G164	GAS-ABB-PM-800-HMB-HYD
800	ABB	800PM63-30	HMB-8	Hydraulic	Dead	G164	GAS-ABB-PM-800-HMB-HYD
800	ABB	800PM63-40	HMB-8	Hydraulic	Dead	G164	GAS-ABB-PM-800-HMB-HYD
800	ABB	800PM63-50	HMB-8	Hydraulic	Dead	G164	GAS-ABB-PM-800-HMB-HYD
245	ABB	242PMG40-20	AHMA	Hydraulic	Dead	G165	GAS-ABB-PMG-242-AHMA-HYD
245	ABB	242PMG50-20	AHMA	Hydraulic	Dead	G165	GAS-ABB-PMG-242-AHMA-HYD
245	ABB	242PMG63-20	AHMA	Hydraulic	Dead	G165	GAS-ABB-PMG-242-AHMA-HYD
245	ABB	242PMG63-30	AHMA	Hydraulic	Dead	G165	GAS-ABB-PMG-242-AHMA-HYD
245	ABB	242PMG63-40	AHMA	Hydraulic	Dead	G165	GAS-ABB-PMG-242-AHMA-HYD
245	ABB	242PMG50-30B	AHMA	Hydraulic	Dead	G165	GAS-ABB-PMG-242-AHMA-HYD
245	ABB	242PMG63-30B	AHMA	Hydraulic	Dead	G165	GAS-ABB-PMG-242-AHMA-HYD
245	ABB	242PMG80-20	AHMA	Hydraulic	Dead	G165	GAS-ABB-PMG-242-AHMA-HYD
245	ABB	242PMG80-30	AHMA	Hydraulic	Dead	G165	GAS-ABB-PMG-242-AHMA-HYD
245	ABB	242PMG80-40	AHMA	Hydraulic	Dead	G165	GAS-ABB-PMG-242-AHMA-HYD
362	ABB	362PM40-30	AHMA	Hydraulic	Dead	G166	GAS-ABB-PM-362-AHMA-HYD
362	ABB	362PM50-20	AHMA	Hydraulic	Dead	G166	GAS-ABB-PM-362-AHMA-HYD
362	ABB	362PM50-30	AHMA	Hydraulic	Dead	G166	GAS-ABB-PM-362-AHMA-HYD
362	ABB	362PM80-20	AHMA	Hydraulic	Dead	G166	GAS-ABB-PM-362-AHMA-HYD
362	ABB	362PM80-30	AHMA	Hydraulic	Dead	G166	GAS-ABB-PM-362-AHMA-HYD
362	ABB	362PM40-20	AHMA	Hydraulic	Dead	G166	GAS-ABB-PM-362-AHMA-HYD
550	ABB	550PM50-30	AHMA	Hydraulic	Dead	G167	GAS-ABB-PM-550-AHMA-HYD
550	ABB	550PM40-20	AHMA	Hydraulic	Dead	G167	GAS-ABB-PM-550-AHMA-HYD
550	ABB	550PM40-30	AHMA	Hydraulic	Dead	G167	GAS-ABB-PM-550-AHMA-HYD
550	ABB	550PM4040	AHMA	Hydraulic	Dead	G167	GAS-ABB-PM-550-AHMA-HYD
550	ABB	550-PM-50-40	AHMA	Hydraulic	Dead	G167	GAS-ABB-PM-550-AHMA-HYD
550	ABB	550-PM-63-30	AHMA	Hydraulic	Dead	G167	GAS-ABB-PM-550-AHMA-HYD
550	ABB	550-PM-63-40	AHMA	Hydraulic	Dead	G167	GAS-ABB-PM-550-AHMA-HYD
550	ABB	550-PM-80-40	AHMA	Hydraulic	Dead	G167	GAS-ABB-PM-550-AHMA-HYD
245	WESTINGHOUSE	242-SFA-40	AH-10	Pneumatic	Live	G168	GAS-WEST-SFA-242-AH-PNE
245	WESTINGHOUSE	242-SFA-50	AH-10	Pneumatic	Live	G168	GAS-WEST-SFA-242-AH-PNE
362	WESTINGHOUSE	362-SFA-40	AH-10	Pneumatic	Live	G169	GAS-WEST-SFA-362-AH-PNE
362	WESTINGHOUSE	362-SFA-50	AH-10	Pneumatic	Live	G169	GAS-WEST-SFA-362-AH-PNE
362	WESTINGHOUSE	362-SFA-63	AH-10	Pneumatic	Live	G169	GAS-WEST-SFA-362-AH-PNE
550	WESTINGHOUSE	550-SFA-40	AH-10	Pneumatic	Live	G170	GAS-WEST-SFA-550-AH-PNE
550	WESTINGHOUSE	550-SFA-50	AH-10	Pneumatic	Live	G170	GAS-WEST-SFA-550-AH-PNE
550	WESTINGHOUSE	550-SFA-63	AH-10	Pneumatic	Live	G170	GAS-WEST-SFA-550-AH-PNE
48.3	WESTINGHOUSE	483SP40	AA-7	Pneumatic	Dead	G171	GAS-WEST-SP-48/72-AA7-PNE
72.5	WESTINGHOUSE	72.5-SP22	AA-7	Pneumatic	Dead	G171	GAS-WEST-SP-48/72-AA7-PNE
72.5	WESTINGHOUSE	72.5-SP23	AA-7	Pneumatic	Dead	G171	GAS-WEST-SP-48/72-AA7-PNE
72.5	WESTINGHOUSE	72.5-SP31.5	AA-7	Pneumatic	Dead	G171	GAS-WEST-SP-48/72-AA7-PNE
72.5	WESTINGHOUSE	72.5-SP40	AA-7	Pneumatic	Dead	G171	GAS-WEST-SP-48/72-AA7-PNE
72.5	ABB	LTB D1/B	BLK	Spring	Live	G172a	GAS-ABB-LTBD1-72-BLK-SPR
145	ABB	LTB 145D1/B	BLK	Spring	Live	G172	GAS-ABB-LTBD1-145/170-BLK-SPR
170	ABB	LTB D1/B	BLK	Spring	Live	G172	GAS-ABB-LTBD1-145/170-BLK-SPR
72.5	ABB	LTB D1/B	MSD	Spring	Live	G173a	GAS-ABB-LTBD1-72-MSD-SPR
145	ABB	LTB D1/B	MSD	Spring	Live	G173	GAS-ABB-LTBD1-145/170-MSD-SPR
170	ABB	LTB D1/B	MSD	Spring	Live	G173	GAS-ABB-LTBD1-145/170-MSD-SPR
72.5	ABB	LTB E1	BLK	Spring	Live	G174b	GAS-ABB-LTBE1-72-BLK-SPR
145	ABB	LTB E1	BLK	Spring	Live	G174	GAS-ABB-LTBE1-145/170-BLK-SPR
170	ABB	LTB E1	BLK	Spring	Live	G174	GAS-ABB-LTBE1-145/170-BLK-SPR
245	ABB	LTB E1	BLK	Spring	Live	G174a	GAS-ABB-LTBE1-245-BLK-SPR
72.5	ABB	LTB E1	MSD	Spring	Live	G175b	GAS-ABB-LTBE1-72-MSD-SPR
145	ABB	LTB E1	MSD	Spring	Live	G175	GAS-ABB-LTBE1-145/170-MSD-SPR
170	ABB	LTB E1	MSD	Spring	Live	G175	GAS-ABB-LTBE1-145/170-MSD-SPR
245	ABB	LTB E1	MSD	Spring	Live	G175a	GAS-ABB-LTBE1-245-MSD-SPR
72.5	ABB	LTB E1	BLG	Spring	Live	G176b	GAS-ABB-LTBE1-72-BLG-SPR
145	ABB	LTB E1	BLG	Spring	Live	G176	GAS-ABB-LTBE1-145/170-BLG-SPR
170	ABB	LTB E1	BLG	Spring	Live	G176	GAS-ABB-LTBE1-145/170-BLG-SPR
245	ABB	LTB E1	BLG	Spring	Live	G176a	GAS-ABB-LTBE1-245-BLG-SPR
362	ABB	LTB E2	BLG	Spring	Live	G177a	GAS-ABB-LTBE2-362-BLG-SPR
550	ABB	LTB E2	BLG	Spring	Live	G177	GAS-ABB-LTBE2-550-BLG-SPR
72.5	ABB	LTB D1/B	FSA1	Spring	Live	G178a	GAS-ABB-LTBD1-72-FSA1-SPR
145	ABB	LTB D1/B	FSA1	Spring	Live	G178	GAS-ABB-LTBD1-145/170-FSA1-SPR
170	ABB	LTB D1/B	FSA1	Spring	Live	G178	GAS-ABB-LTBD1-145/170-FSA1-SPR
72.5	ABB	HPL B1	BLG	Spring	Live	G179	GAS-ABB-HPLB1-72-BLG-SPR
123	ABB	HPL B1	BLG	Spring	Live	G180	GAS-ABB-HPLB1-123/145/170-BLG-SPR
145	ABB	HPL B1	BLG	Spring	Live	G180	GAS-ABB-HPLB1-123/145/170-BLG-SPR
170	ABB	HPL B1	BLG	Spring	Live	G180	GAS-ABB-HPLB1-123/145/170-BLG-SPR
245	ABB	HPL B1	BLG	Spring	Live	G181	GAS-ABB-HPLB1-245-BLG-SPR
300	ABB	HPL B1	BLG	Spring	Live	G181	GAS-ABB-HPLB1-245-BLG-SPR
362	ABB	HPL B2	BLG	Spring	Live	G182	GAS-ABB-HPLB2-362/420-BLG-SPR
420	ABB	HPL B2	BLG	Spring	Live	G182	GAS-ABB-HPLB2-362/420-BLG-SPR
550	ABB	HPL B2	BLG	Spring	Live	G183	GAS-ABB-HPLB2-550-BLG-SPR
121	ABB	121PM-40-20	AHMA-1	Hydraulic	Dead	G184a	GAS-ABB-PM-121/145/169-AHMA-HYD
121	ABB	121PM-40-30	AHMA-1	Hydraulic	Dead	G184a	GAS-ABB-PM-121/145/169-AHMA-HYD
121	ABB	121PM-40-40	AHMA-1	Hydraulic	Dead	G184a	GAS-ABB-PM-121/145/169-AHMA-HYD
145	ABB	145PM-40-20	AHMA-1	Hydraulic	Dead	G184a	GAS-ABB-PM-121/145/169-AHMA-HYD
145	ABB	145PM-40-30	AHMA-1	Hydraulic	Dead	G184a	GAS-ABB-PM-121/145/169-AHMA-HYD
145	ABB	145PM-40-40	AHMA-1	Hydraulic	Dead	G184a	GAS-ABB-PM-121/145/169-AHMA-HYD
169	ABB	169PM-40-20	AHMA-1	Hydraulic	Dead	G184a	GAS-ABB-PM-121/145/169-AHMA-HYD
169	ABB	169PM-40-30	AHMA-1	Hydraulic	Dead	G184a	GAS-ABB-PM-121/145/169-AHMA-HYD
169	ABB	169PM-40-40	AHMA-1	Hydraulic	Dead	G184a	GAS-ABB-PM-121/145/169-AHMA-HYD
245	ABB	242PMI50-30	AHMA	Hydraulic	Dead	G184	GAS-ABB-PMI-242-AHMA-HYD
245	ABB	242PMI80-30	AHMA	Hydraulic	Dead	G184	GAS-ABB-PMI-242-AHMA-HYD
362	ABB	362PMI40-20	AHMA-8	Hydraulic	Dead	G185	GAS-ABB-PMI-362-AHMA-HYD
362	ABB	362PMI50-30	AHMA	Hydraulic	Dead	G185	GAS-ABB-PMI-362-AHMA-HYD
550	ABB	550PMI50-30	AHMA	Hydraulic	Dead	G186	GAS-ABB-PMI-550-AHMA-HYD
121	ABB	121PA40-16	AHMA	Hydraulic	Dead	G187	GAS-ABB-PA-121/145-AHMA-HYD
121	ABB	121PA 40-20C	AHMA	Hydraulic	Dead	G187	GAS-ABB-PA-121/145-AHMA-HYD
121	ABB	121PA40-30	AHMA	Hydraulic	Dead	G187	GAS-ABB-PA-121/145-AHMA-HYD
121	ABB	121PA40-30C	AHMA	Hydraulic	Dead	G187	GAS-ABB-PA-121/145-AHMA-HYD
145	ABB	145-PA40-20C	AHMA	Hydraulic	Dead	G187	GAS-ABB-PA-121/145-AHMA-HYD
245	ABB	242PA31.5-16	AHMA	Hydraulic	Dead	G188	GAS-ABB-PA-242-AHMA-HYD
245	ABB	242PA40-16	AHMA	Hydraulic	Dead	G188	GAS-ABB-PA-242-AHMA-HYD
245	ABB	242PA40-20	AHMA	Hydraulic	Dead	G188	GAS-ABB-PA-242-AHMA-HYD
245	ABB	242PA40-20/2	AHMA	Hydraulic	Dead	G188	GAS-ABB-PA-242-AHMA-HYD
245	ABB	242-PA-40-20A	AHMA	Hydraulic	Dead	G188	GAS-ABB-PA-242-AHMA-HYD
245	ABB	242PA40-30	AHMA	Hydraulic	Dead	G188	GAS-ABB-PA-242-AHMA-HYD
245	ABB	242PA40-30A	AHMA	Hydraulic	Dead	G188	GAS-ABB-PA-242-AHMA-HYD
245	ABB	242PA50-20	AHMA	Hydraulic	Dead	G188	GAS-ABB-PA-242-AHMA-HYD
245	ABB	242PA50-30	AHMA	Hydraulic	Dead	G188	GAS-ABB-PA-242-AHMA-HYD
245	ABB	242PA63-20	AHMA	Hydraulic	Dead	G188	GAS-ABB-PA-242-AHMA-HYD
245	ABB	242PA63-30	AHMA	Hydraulic	Dead	G188	GAS-ABB-PA-242-AHMA-HYD
245	ABB	242PA63-40	AHMA	Hydraulic	Dead	G188	GAS-ABB-PA-242-AHMA-HYD
245	ABB	242PA63-40A	AHMA	Hydraulic	Dead	G188	GAS-ABB-PA-242-AHMA-HYD
121	ABB	121PA40-20B	HKA	Hydraulic	Dead	G189	GAS-ABB-PA-121/145-HKA-HYD
121	ABB	121PA40-30B	HKA	Hydraulic	Dead	G189	GAS-ABB-PA-121/145-HKA-HYD
145	ABB	145-PA-40-20B	HKA	Hydraulic	Dead	G189	GAS-ABB-PA-121/145-HKA-HYD
145	ABB	145-PA-40-30B	HKA	Hydraulic	Dead	G189	GAS-ABB-PA-121/145-HKA-HYD
245	ABB	242PA40-20	HKA	Hydraulic	Dead	G190	GAS-ABB-PA-242-HKA-HYD
245	BBC	ELF SL4-2	PKA	Pneumatic	Live	G191	GAS-BBC-ELF-245-PKA-PNE
245	BBC/ABB	ELF SP4-1		Hydraulic	Live	G191a	GAS-BBC-ELF-245-HYD
362	BBC	ELF SL5-2	PKA	Pneumatic	Live	G192	GAS-BBC-ELF-362/420-PKA-PNE
420	BBC	ELF SL6-2	PKA	Pneumatic	Live	G192	GAS-BBC-ELF-362/420-PKA-PNE
420	BBC/ABB	ELF SP6-2		Hydraulic	Live	G192a	GAS-BBC-ELF-362/420-HYD
145	WESTINGHOUSE	SF	AA-10	Pneumatic	Dead	G193a	GAS-WEST-SF-138-AA-PNE
230	WESTINGHOUSE	2300-SF-15000	AA-10	Pneumatic	Dead	G193	GAS-WEST-SF-230-AA-PNE
230	WESTINGHOUSE	2300-SF-20000	AA-10	Pneumatic	Dead	G193	GAS-WEST-SF-230-AA-PNE
121	WESTINGHOUSE	121DWE40	MWE	Pneumatic	Dead	G194	GAS-WEST-DWE/LWE-MWE-PNE
145	WESTINGHOUSE	145DWE40	MWE	Pneumatic	Dead	G194	GAS-WEST-DWE/LWE-MWE-PNE
169	WESTINGHOUSE	169DWE40	MWE	Pneumatic	Dead	G194	GAS-WEST-DWE/LWE-MWE-PNE
242	WESTINGHOUSE	242-LWE-55	MWE	Pneumatic	Dead	G194	GAS-WEST-DWE/LWE-MWE-PNE
242	WESTINGHOUSE	242-LWE-63	MWE	Pneumatic	Dead	G194	GAS-WEST-DWE/LWE-MWE-PNE
550	WESTINGHOUSE	550-LWER-40	MWE	Pneumatic	Dead	G194	GAS-WEST-DWE/LWE-MWE-PNE
72.5	MAGRINI	MHD 72.5		Pneumatic	Live	G195a	GAS-MAG-MHD-72-PNE
145	MAGRINI	MHD 145		Pneumatic	Live	G195	GAS-MAG-MHD-145/170-PNE
170	MAGRINI	MHD 170		Pneumatic	Live	G195	GAS-MAG-MHD-145/170-PNE
245	MAGRINI	245 MHMe-1P		Pneumatic	Live	G196	GAS-MAG-MHM-245-PNE
245	MAGRINI	245 MHMe-2Y		Pneumatic	Live	G196	GAS-MAG-MHM-245-PNE
420	MAGRINI	MHMe 2Y 420		Pneumatic	Live	G197a	GAS-MAG-MHM-420-PNE
550	MAGRINI	550 MHMe-2Y		Pneumatic	Live	G197	GAS-MAG-MHM-550-PNE
123	MAGRINI	SB6		Gas-dynamic	Live	G198	GAS-MAG-SB6-123/145/170-GASD
145	MAGRINI	SB6		Gas-dynamic	Live	G198	GAS-MAG-SB6-123/145/170-GASD
170	MAGRINI	SB6		Gas-dynamic	Live	G198	GAS-MAG-SB6-123/145/170-GASD
245	MAGRINI	SB6		Gas-dynamic	Live	G199	GAS-MAG-SB6-245-GASD
420	MAGRINI	SB6		Gas-dynamic	Live	G200	GAS-MAG-SB6-420-GASD
145	HITACHI	HS 145	HVB S1	Spring	Dead	G201	GAS-HIT-HS-145/170-HVBS1-SPR
170	HITACHI	HS 170	HVB S1	Spring	Dead	G201	GAS-HIT-HS-145/170-HVBS1-SPR
245	HITACHI	HS 245	HVB S1	Spring	Dead	G202	GAS-HIT-HS-245-HVBS1-SPR
362	HITACHI	HHI 362		Hydraulic	Dead	G203	GAS-HIT-HHI-362-HYD
550	HITACHI	HHI 550		Hydraulic	Dead	G204	GAS-HIT-HHI-550-HYD
800	HITACHI	HHI 800		Hydraulic	Dead	G205	GAS-HIT-HHI-800-HYD
230	COGENEL	FX-12	C1	Pneudraulic	Live	G212	GAS-COGE-FX-230-C1-PNED
230	COGENEL	FX-22	C1	Pneudraulic	Live	G212	GAS-COGE-FX-230-C1-PNED
362	DELLEALSTOM	FX-22	C1	Pneudraulic	Live	G213	GAS-COGE-FX-362-C1-PNED
345	COGENEL	FX-12	C1	Pneudraulic	Live	G213	GAS-COGE-FX-362-C1-PNED
345	COGENEL	FXT-15	C1	Pneudraulic	Live	G213	GAS-COGE-FX-362-C1-PNED
550	COGENEL	FX-12	C1	Pneudraulic	Live	G216	GAS-COGE-FX-550-C1-PNED
550	COGENEL	FX-32	C1	Pneudraulic	Live	G216	GAS-COGE-FX-550-C1-PNED
145	COGENEL/ALSTOM	FX-11	C1	Pneudraulic	Live	G215	GAS-COGE-FX-145/170-C1-PNED
170	COGENEL	FX-12	C1	Pneudraulic	Live	G215	GAS-COGE-FX-145/170-C1-PNED
145	GE/SPRECHERE	HGF-312	FKF 1-2	Spring	Live	G239	GAS-GE/SPR-HGF312-145-FKF-SPR
145	GE/SPRECHERE	HGF-112/1	FKF	Spring	Live	G142	GAS-GE/SPR-HGF112/113-145/170-FKF-SPR
170	GE/ALSTOM/AREVA	HGF - 113/1B	FKF 1-2	Spring	Live	G142	GAS-GE/SPR-HGF112/113-145/170-FKF-SPR
245	GE/SPRECHERE	HGF-114/1A	FKF	Spring	Live	G240	GAS-GE/SPR-HGF114/115-245/275-FKF-SPR
275	GE/SPRECHERE	HGF-115/2C	FKF	Spring	Live	G240	GAS-GE/SPR-HGF114/115-245/275-FKF-SPR
550	COGENEL/ALSTOM	FX-22	C1	Pneudraulic	Live	G216	GAS-COGE-FX-550-C1-PNED
145	AEG	LT145-1		Spring	Dead	G218	GAS-AEG-LT-145-SPR
123	PENNSYLVANIAB	PB123-63	OAV-16	Hydraulic	Dead	G219	GAS-PENNB-PB-123/145/170-OAV-HYD
145	PENNSYLVANIAB	PB145-63	OAV-16	Hydraulic	Dead	G219	GAS-PENNB-PB-123/145/170-OAV-HYD
170	PENNSYLVANIAB	PB170-63	OAV-16	Hydraulic	Dead	G219	GAS-PENNB-PB-123/145/170-OAV-HYD
245	PENNSYLVANIAB	PB245-63	OAV-16	Hydraulic	Dead	G220	GAS-PENNB-PB-245-OAV-HYD
72.5	MCGRAWE	72EPB-20-12	OA-3	Pneudraulic	Dead	G221	GAS-MCGR-EPB-72-OA-HYD
72.5	ALSTOM/AREVA	GL309	FK3-1	Spring	Live	G231a	GAS-ALS/ARE-GL309-72-FK3-SPR
145	ALSTOM/AREVA	GL312	FK3-1	Spring	Live	G231	GAS-ALS/ARE-GL312/313-145/170-FK3-SPR
170	ALSTOM/AREVA	GL313	FK3-1	Spring	Live	G231	GAS-ALS/ARE-GL312/313-145/170-FK3-SPR
245	ALSTOM/AREVA	GL314	FK3-1	Spring	Live	G232	GAS-ALS/ARE-GL314-245-FK3-SPR
420	ALSTOM/AREVA	GL316	FK3	Spring	Live	G233a	GAS-ALS/ARE-GL316-420-FK3-SPR
550	ALSTOM/AREVA	GL317	FK3	Spring	Live	G233	GAS-ALS/ARE-GL317-550-FK3-SPR
245	ALSTOM/AREVA	FL 245		Hydraulic	Live	G234	GAS-ALS/ARE-FL-245-HYD
550	GE/ALSTOM/AREVA	DT2-550 H3	ATC 55/28-135	Hydraulic	Dead	G235	GAS-GE/ARE-DT2-550-HDS ATC-HYD
245	AEG/ALSTOM	S1-245	CRR5	Spring	Live	G236	GAS-AEG/ALS-S1-245-CRR-SPR
72.5	GE/ALSTOM/AREVA	HGF 1012	FKF2-9	Spring	Dead	G238	GAS-ALS/ARE-HGF1012-72-FKF-SPR
72.5	SIEMENS	3AP1	FA	Spring	Live	G241	GAS-SIEM-3AP1-72-FA-SPR
123	SIEMENS	3AP1	FA	Spring	Live	G242	GAS-SIEM-3AP1-123/145/170-FA-SPR
145	SIEMENS	3AP1	FA	Spring	Live	G242	GAS-SIEM-3AP1-123/145/170-FA-SPR
170	SIEMENS	3AP1	FA	Spring	Live	G242	GAS-SIEM-3AP1-123/145/170-FA-SPR
245	SIEMENS	3AP1	FA	Spring	Live	G243	GAS-SIEM-3AP1-245/300-FA-SPR
300	SIEMENS	3AP1	FA	Spring	Live	G243	GAS-SIEM-3AP1-245/300-FA-SPR
420	SIEMENS	3AP2/3	FA	Spring	Live	G244	GAS-SIEM-3AP2/3-420-FA-SPR
550	SIEMENS	3AP2/3	FA	Spring	Live	G245	GAS-SIEM-3AP2/3-550-FA-SPR
800	SIEMENS	3AP4/5	FA	Spring	Live	G246	GAS-SIEM-3AP4/5-800-FA-SPR
550	SIEMENS	3AT4/5-550		Electrohydraulic	Live	G247	GAS-SIEM-3AT4/5-550-HYD
245	SIEMENS	3AT2/3		Electrohydraulic	Live	G248	GAS-SIEM-3AT2/3-245/300-HYD
300	SIEMENS	3AT2/3		Electrohydraulic	Live	G248	GAS-SIEM-3AT2/3-245/300-HYD
362	SIEMENS	3AT2/3		Electrohydraulic	Live	G249	GAS-SIEM-3AT2/3-362/420-HYD
420	SIEMENS	3AT2/3		Electrohydraulic	Live	G249	GAS-SIEM-3AT2/3-362/420-HYD
550	SIEMENS	3AT2/3		Electrohydraulic	Live	G250	GAS-SIEM-3AT2/3-550-HYD
362	SIEMENS	3AT4/5		Electrohydraulic	Live	G251	GAS-SIEM-3AT4/5-362/420-HYD
420	SIEMENS	3AT4/5		Electrohydraulic	Live	G251	GAS-SIEM-3AT4/5-362/420-HYD
800	SIEMENS	3AT4/5		Electrohydraulic	Live	G252	GAS-SIEM-3AT4/5-800-HYD
72.5	SIEMENS	3AP1 DT		Spring	Dead	G253	GAS-SIEM-3AP1DT-72-SPR
123	SIEMENS	3AP1 DT		Spring	Dead	G254	GAS-SIEM-3AP1DT-123/145/170-SPR
145	SIEMENS	3AP1 DT		Spring	Dead	G254	GAS-SIEM-3AP1DT-123/145/170-SPR
245	SIEMENS	3AP1 DT		Spring	Dead	G255	GAS-SIEM-3AP1DT-245-SPR
362	SIEMENS	3AP2 DT		Spring	Dead	G256	GAS-SIEM-3AP2DT-362-SPR
550	SIEMENS	3AP2/3 DT		Spring	Dead	G257	GAS-SIEM-3AP2/3DT-550-SPR
550	SIEMENS	3AT2/3 DT		Electrohydraulic	Dead	G258	GAS-SIEM-3AT2/3DT-550-HYD
145	SIEMENS	3AQ1		Hydraulic	Live	G259	GAS-SIEM-3AQ1-145-HYD
245	SIEMENS	3AQ1E		Hydraulic	Live	G260	GAS-SIEM-3AQ1-245-HYD
72.5	XD/GE	LW24-72.5		Spring	Dead	G261	GAS-XD/GE-LW-72-SPR
126	XD/GE	LW24-126		Spring	Dead	G262	GAS-XD/GE-LW-126/145-SPR
145	XD/GE	LW24-145		Spring	Dead	G262	GAS-XD/GE-LW-126/145-SPR
252	XD/GE	LW24-252		Spring	Dead	G263	GAS-XD/GE-LW-252-SPR
252	XD/GE	LW24-252		Hydraulic	Dead	G264	GAS-XD/GE-LW-252-HYD
363	XD/GE	LW23-363		Spring	Dead	G265	GAS-XD/GE-LW-363-SPR
363	XD/GE	LW13A-363		Spring	Dead	G265	GAS-XD/GE-LW-363-SPR
363	XD/GE	LW23-363		Hydraulic	Dead	G266	GAS-XD/GE-LW-363/420-HYD
363	XD/GE	LW13A-363		Hydraulic	Dead	G266	GAS-XD/GE-LW-363/420-HYD
420	XD/GE	LW13A-420		Hydraulic	Dead	G266	GAS-XD/GE-LW-363/420-HYD
550	XD/GE	LW13A-550		Hydraulic	Dead	G267	GAS-XD/GE-LW-550-HYD
800	XD/GE	LW13A-800		Hydraulic	Dead	G268	GAS-XD/GE-LW-800-HYD
145	ABB/BBC	ELF	PKA	Pneumatic	Live	G290	GAS-BBC-ELF-145-PKA-PNE
550	ABB/BBC	ELF SP7-2	AHMA	Hydraulic	Live	G291	GAS-BBC-ELF-550-AHMA-HYD
72.5-170	MERLING	FA1		Hydraulic	Live	G292	GAS-MERG-FA1/2/4-HYD
170-362	MERLING	FA2		Hydraulic	Live	G292	GAS-MERG-FA1/2/4-HYD
362-550	MERLING	FA4		Hydraulic	Live	G292	GAS-MERG-FA1/2/4-HYD

Chapter 1 - Asset Management: A Business Framework for Inspection and Assessment of Transmission Lines

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Contributing Author

Andrew H. Stewart President

EDM International, Inc.

phone: 970.204.4001

AStewart@edmlink.com

Andrew Stewart is the President of EDM International, Inc. (EDM) located in Fort Collins, Colorado USA. He joined EDM as a Senior Research Engineer in 1983, and his career activities encompass technical and managerial roles related to research, development, consulting, and training associated with inspection and test methods, analysis procedures, maintenance plans, performance metrics, and new technologies for the management of transmission and distribution assets and the thermal rating of overhead transmission lines.

How to Get Engaged with EU4T

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Practically unlimited, on-demand training is available for EPRI|U for Transmission project funders each year. Where to start can sometimes be intimidation, and EPRI staff has developed several aids and items to help you on your learning journey.

Whether you are just thinking about joining EU4T and need basic information, or are already in the program and need a little help trying to do or find something, these items are here to help you. You can also always reach out to the project manager, send an email to EU4T@epri.com, or just ask any EPRI staff member and they will help direct you to the answer you need.

HVDC Line Performance

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction

The conventional wisdom concerning HVDC line design is that it is a simple extension of AC design. In a physical sense, HVDC lines are similar to AC transmission lines in that both use bare stranded conductors, and both must meet or exceed minimum specified electrical clearance to ground and to other conductors at operating voltage. A direct comparison of performance between HVDC and AC should consider the level of maintenance required to maintain acceptable outage rates. HVDC lines are made of essentially the same materials as AC lines of a comparable voltage level. Normal weathering of components of foundations, structures, conductors, splices, clamps, insulators, and shield wires should be similar in a ±400 kV HVDC line and a 345-500 kV HVAC line.

Chapter 1 - Introduction

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

This report presents the results of efforts to develop an updated guide for helping power delivery organizations adapt and implement best practice asset management. Unlike other asset management guides available, the material presented here was specifically developed for application to the power delivery industry.

Background

Although proven and in wide use in the power generation sector, effective asset management processes have not been applied as widely in power delivery due to a host of challenges. These challenges include:

Latest Research

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

For each on-line DGA monitor in the EPRI laboratory we assess the accuracy of the monitor for each fault gas. The x-axis is the DGA lab result and the y-axis is the monitor’s response. The color of each data point corresponds to the ambient temperature. These plots are updated throughout the year and then documented in each year-end report.

765 kV Substation Design Practices Project - Overview

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Technical Foundations for 765 kV Substation Engineering

The rapid expansion of 765 kV transmission infrastructure, driven by renewable integration, industrial electrification, and large scale grid modernization, requires design practices that go beyond the current industry standards. Field experience has demonstrated persistent gaps in insulation coordination, equipment specification robustness, corona performance mitigation, and electromagnetic compatibility. This project applies a research driven, utility validated approach to develop technically rigorous 765 kV substation design practices that address these gaps.

P51 Team

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Randy Horton

Email: ramoore@epri.com
Phone: (571) 312-0554

Ashley Bennett

Email: abennett@epri.com
Phone: 865-287-0231

Platinum Book Calculator: Conductor Selection & Cost of Losses

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Chapter 2.6 of the Platinum Book discusses the potential tradeoff between round strands and trapezoidal strands (designated /TW) when performing conductor selection. There is a practical example provided which extends through Section 2.8. The final design tradeoff considers a conductor upgrade to a /TW that minimizes the costs to existing structure modifications without needing to undertake the high cost of HTLS (composite) conductors. While there are material costs for the reconductoring project, the proposed /TW conductor would have a lower resistance while also increasing capacity. This means for a fixed load or design temperature the /TW option would have lower thermal losses. Such losses are proportional to the current squared and resistance at the operating temperature for that current.

Project Overview

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Objective

As populations of porcelain and glass insulators approach or exceed their expected service life, utilities are seeking end-of-life metrics to prioritize maintenance and replacement programs. To achieve this, utilities need information on insulator performance (both new and in-service), strategies for determining replacements, and effective tools and technologies for inspection and assessment. As utilities replace aging insulators, developments in glass insulator designs and changes in porcelain insulator manufacturing necessitate new training on the selection, application, and inspection of these insulators.

Chapter 2 Bird Interactions with Transmission Lines

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Contributing Author

Richard E. Harness Certified Wildlife Biologist EDM International, Inc.

Phone: 970.204.4001

rharness@edmlink.com

Mr. Harness is a certified wildlife biologist working for EDM International, Inc. located in Fort Collins, Colorado. He has a Bachelor of Science degree in Fisheries and Wildlife from the University of Missouri and a Master of Science degree in Fishery and Wildlife Biology from Colorado State University, where his thesis was conducted on raptor electrocutions. Mr. Harness has 28 years of experience managing and supervising environmental studies and research for the electric utility industry. His specific areas of strength are in wildlife-utility interactions, including power line electrocutions and bird collisions. He has worked on animal/utility issues nationally and in Mongolia, Hungary, Israel, India, and South Africa. He has authored over 40 journal and conference publications.

Chapter 2 - Inspection and Assessment Program: Establishing and Refining

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Contributing Authors

Andrew H. Stewart President EDM International, Inc.

phone: 970.204.4001

AStewart@edmlink.com

Chapter 2 - Steel Transmission Structures

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Contributing Author

Ronald E. Randle

Vice President of Engineering EDM International, Inc.

Phone: 970-204-4001

rrandle@edmlink.com

Mr. Randle is Vice President of Engineering of EDM International in Fort Collins, Colorado. His responsibilities fall mainly in the area of Utility Services with special emphasis on materials and products testing, market research, and inspection and assessment of steel structures.

Before joining EDM in 1997, Mr. Randle worked for over 23 years with Thomas and Betts (Meyer), as a design engineer, Sales Engineering Manager, and finally Vice President and Director of Engineering for the Steel Structures Group. Throughout his tenure at Meyer and Thomas and Betts, he was involved in the specification, design, and testing of thousands of steel structures used for the support of overhead lines.

Definition of Dimensions

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Dimension	Definition	Properties Influenced
Section length (single unit)		Physical location of conductors and hardware in configuration
Coupling length or “connecting length” (multiple units)		Physical location of conductors and hardware in configuration

Section length (single unit)

Physical location of conductors and hardware in configuration

Coupling length or “connecting length” (multiple units)

Physical location of conductors and hardware in configuration

Dimension

Definition

Properties Influenced

Dry arc distance (single unit)—shown without hardware

(hardware such as clamps

and corona rings will alter this)

FAMILY ASSIGNMENTS FOR SELECT OIL CIRCUIT BREAKERS

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Voltage (kV)	Manufacturer	Breaker Model	Mechanism Model	Mechanism Model Type	EPRI Breaker Family Number	EPRI Breaker Family Name
69	ALLIS/SIEMENS	FZO151-69H	SO-500	Solenoid	O101	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-FZO-69-SO-SOL
69	ALLIS/SIEMENS	FZO151-69J	SO-500	Solenoid	O101	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-FZO-69-SO-SOL
69	ALLIS/SIEMENS	FZO-151-69F	PN	Pneumatic	O102	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-FZO-69-PN-PNE
69	ALLIS/SIEMENS	FZO-151-69D	PN	Pneumatic	O102	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-FZO-69-PN-PNE
69	ALLIS/SIEMENS	FZO-50-69D	PN	Pneumatic	O102	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-FZO-69-PN-PNE
69	ALLIS/SIEMENS	FZO-69-2500-1	PH	Pneudraulic	O103	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-FZO-69-PH-PNED
69	ALLIS/SIEMENS	BZO-69-5000H-1	PH	Pneudraulic	O105	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-BZO-69-PH-PNED
115	ALLIS/SIEMENS	BZO-115-10000-2	PN	Pneumatic	O106	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-BZO-115to169-PN-PNE
115	ALLIS/SIEMENS	BZO-115-10000-3	PN	Pneumatic	O106	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-BZO-115to169-PN-PNE
115	ALLIS/SIEMENS	BZO-115-5000-2	PN	Pneumatic	O106	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-BZO-115to169-PN-PNE
115	ALLIS/SIEMENS	BZO-115-5000-4	PN	Pneumatic	O106	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-BZO-115to169-PN-PNE
160	ALLIS/SIEMENS	BZO-160-161-K	PN	Pneumatic	O106	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-BZO-115to169-PN-PNE
160	ALLIS/SIEMENS	BZO-160-161-JS	PN	Pneumatic	O106	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-BZO-115to169-PN-PNE
121	ALLIS/SIEMENS	BZO-121-20-4	PN	Pneumatic	O106	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-BZO-115to169-PN-PNE
121	ALLIS/SIEMENS	BZO-121-20-7	PN	Pneumatic	O106	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-BZO-115to169-PN-PNE
121	ALLIS/SIEMENS	BZO-121-5000-7	PN	Pneumatic	O106	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-BZO-115to169-PN-PNE
138	ALLIS/SIEMENS	BZO-138-5000-4	PN	Pneumatic	O106	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-BZO-115to169-PN-PNE
145	ALLIS/SIEMENS	BZO-145-20-7	PN	Pneumatic	O106	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-BZO-115to169-PN-PNE
160	ALLIS/SIEMENS	BZO160-138JS	PN	Pneumatic	O106	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-BZO-115to169-PN-PNE
160	ALLIS/SIEMENS	BZO-160-115-J	PN	Pneumatic	O106	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-BZO-115to169-PN-PNE
115	ALLIS/SIEMENS	BZO-115-10-6	PH	Pneudraulic	O107	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-BZO-115to169-PH-PNED
115	ALLIS/SIEMENS	BZO-115-5000-H	PH	Pneudraulic	O107	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-BZO-115to169-PH-PNED
115	ALLIS/SIEMENS	BZO-115-5000-2	PH	Pneudraulic	O107	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-BZO-115to169-PH-PNED
115	ALLIS/SIEMENS	BZO-115-10000	PH	Pneudraulic	O107	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-BZO-115to169-PH-PNED
115	ALLIS/SIEMENS	BZO-115-10000-2	PH	Pneudraulic	O107	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-BZO-115to169-PH-PNED
115	ALLIS/SIEMENS	BZO-115-10000-3	PH	Pneudraulic	O107	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-BZO-115to169-PH-PNED
121	ALLIS/SIEMENS	BZO-121-20-6	PH	Pneudraulic	O107	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-BZO-115to169-PH-PNED
121	ALLIS/SIEMENS	BZO-121-40	PH	Pneudraulic	O107	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-BZO-115to169-PH-PNED
121	ALLIS/SIEMENS	BZO-121-40-6	PH	Pneudraulic	O107	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-BZO-115to169-PH-PNED
121	ALLIS/SIEMENS	BZO-121-40-6-C	PH	Pneudraulic	O107	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-BZO-115to169-PH-PNED
121	ALLIS/SIEMENS	BZO-121-50-6	PH	Pneudraulic	O107	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-BZO-115to169-PH-PNED
121	ALLIS/SIEMENS	BZO-121-63-6	PH	Pneudraulic	O107	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-BZO-115to169-PH-PNED
121	ALLIS/SIEMENS	BZO-121-63-6 LCP	PH	Pneudraulic	O107	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-BZO-115to169-PH-PNED
145	ALLIS/SIEMENS	BZO-145-50-6	PH	Pneudraulic	O107	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-BZO-115to169-PH-PNED
145	ALLIS/SIEMENS	BZO-145-63-3	PH	Pneudraulic	O107	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-BZO-115to169-PH-PNED
145	ALLIS/SIEMENS	BZO-145-63-6	PH	Pneudraulic	O107	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-BZO-115to169-PH-PNED
145	ALLIS/SIEMENS	BZO-145-63-6C	PH	Pneudraulic	O107	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-BZO-115to169-PH-PNED
145	ALLIS/SIEMENS	BZO-145-40-6	PH	Pneudraulic	O107	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-BZO-115to169-PH-PNED
145	ALLIS/SIEMENS	BZO-145-40-6C	PH	Pneudraulic	O107	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-BZO-115to169-PH-PNED
145	ALLIS/SIEMENS	BZO-145-50-20PH	PH	Pneudraulic	O107	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-BZO-115to169-PH-PNED
160	ALLIS/SIEMENS	BZO-160-115	PH	Pneudraulic	O107	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-BZO-115to169-PH-PNED
160	ALLIS/SIEMENS	BZO160-138M	PH	Pneudraulic	O107	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-BZO-115to169-PH-PNED
161	ALLIS/SIEMENS	BZO-161-15000-2	PH	Pneudraulic	O107	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-BZO-115to169-PH-PNED
161	ALLIS/SIEMENS	BZO-161-15000-H	PH	Pneudraulic	O107	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-BZO-115to169-PH-PNED
169	ALLIS/SIEMENS	BZO-169-50-2	PH	Pneudraulic	O107	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-BZO-115to169-PH-PNED
169	ALLIS/SIEMENS	BZO-169-50-3	PH	Pneudraulic	O107	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-BZO-115to169-PH-PNED
138	ALLIS/SIEMENS	BZO-138-10000-2	PH	Pneudraulic	O107	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-BZO-115to169-PH-PNED
138	ALLIS/SIEMENS	BZO-138-15000-2	PH	Pneudraulic	O107	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-BZO-115to169-PH-PNED
138	ALLIS/SIEMENS	BZO-138-15000-3	PH	Pneudraulic	O107	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-BZO-115to169-PH-PNED
138	ALLIS/SIEMENS	BZO138-10000H	PH	Pneudraulic	O107	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-BZO-115to169-PH-PNED
230	ALLIS/SIEMENS	BZO-230-10000H	PH	Pneudraulic	O108	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-BZO-230/242-PH-PNED
230	ALLIS/SIEMENS	BZO-230-20000-2	PH	Pneudraulic	O108	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-BZO-230/242-PH-PNED
230	ALLIS/SIEMENS	BZO-230-20000-3	PH	Pneudraulic	O108	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-BZO-230/242-PH-PNED
242	ALLIS/SIEMENS	BZO-242-40-3	PH	Pneudraulic	O108	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-BZO-230/242-PH-PNED
242	ALLIS/SIEMENS	BZO-242-50-3	PH	Pneudraulic	O108	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-BZO-230/242-PH-PNED
242	ALLIS/SIEMENS	BZO-242-63-3	PH	Pneudraulic	O108	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-BZO-230/242-PH-PNED
72.5	ALLIS/SIEMENS	TDO-72.5-31.5-3	PN	Pneumatic	O110	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-72-TDO-PN-PNE
72.5	ALLIS/SIEMENS	TDO-72.5-20-3	PN	Pneumatic	O110	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-72-TDO-PN-PNE
69	ALLIS/SIEMENS	TDO-69-3500-1	PN	Pneumatic	O110	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-72-TDO-PN-PNE
69	ALLIS/SIEMENS	TDO-69-3500-2	PN	Pneumatic	O110	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-72-TDO-PN-PNE
69	ALLIS/SIEMENS	TDO-69-2500	PN	Pneumatic	O110	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-72-TDO-PN-PNE
72.5	ALLIS/SIEMENS	LC3 TDO-725-20-3	PN	Pneumatic	O110	OIL-ALLIS/SIEM-72-TDO-PN-PNE
46	GE	FK-339-46-1500-4	MA	Pneumatic	O141	OIL-GE-FK-48/72-MA-PNE
46	GE	FK-339-46-1500-1	MA	Pneumatic	O141	OIL-GE-FK-48/72-MA-PNE
46	GE	FK-46-1500-1	MA	Pneumatic	O141	OIL-GE-FK-48/72-MA-PNE
46	GE	FK-46-1500-2	MA	Pneumatic	O141	OIL-GE-FK-48/72-MA-PNE
46	GE	FK-46-1500-3	MA	Pneumatic	O141	OIL-GE-FK-48/72-MA-PNE
48.3	GE	FK-48.3-17000-4Y	MA	Pneumatic	O141	OIL-GE-FK-48/72-MA-PNE
48.3	GE	FK-48.3-17000-5	MA	Pneumatic	O141	OIL-GE-FK-48/72-MA-PNE
48.3	GE	FK-48.3-29000-4Y	MA	Pneumatic	O141	OIL-GE-FK-48/72-MA-PNE
48.3	GE	FK-48.3-29000-5	MA	Pneumatic	O141	OIL-GE-FK-48/72-MA-PNE
69	GE	FK-439-69-10004	MA	Pneumatic	O141	OIL-GE-FK-48/72-MA-PNE
69	GE	FK-69-3500-7	MA	Pneumatic	O141	OIL-GE-FK-48/72-MA-PNE
69	GE	FK-69-1500	MA	Pneumatic	O141	OIL-GE-FK-48/72-MA-PNE
69	GE	FK-69-2500-5	MA	Pneumatic	O141	OIL-GE-FK-48/72-MA-PNE
69	GE	FK-69-2500-6	MA	Pneumatic	O141	OIL-GE-FK-48/72-MA-PNE
69	GE	FK-69-1500-1	MA	Pneumatic	O141	OIL-GE-FK-48/72-MA-PNE
69	GE	FK-69-1500-3	MA	Pneumatic	O141	OIL-GE-FK-48/72-MA-PNE
69	GE	FK-69-2500-4	MA	Pneumatic	O141	OIL-GE-FK-48/72-MA-PNE
69	GE	FK-69-3500	MA	Pneumatic	O141	OIL-GE-FK-48/72-MA-PNE
69	GE	FK-339-69-1500	MA	Pneumatic	O141	OIL-GE-FK-48/72-MA-PNE
69	GE	FK-339-1000	MA	Pneumatic	O141	OIL-GE-FK-48/72-MA-PNE
69	GE	FK-439-1000	MA	Pneumatic	O141	OIL-GE-FK-48/72-MA-PNE
69	GE	FK-439-69-1000-	MA	Pneumatic	O141	OIL-GE-FK-48/72-MA-PNE
69	GE	FK-439-69-1000-4	MA	Pneumatic	O141	OIL-GE-FK-48/72-MA-PNE
69	GE	FK-439-69-1000-5	MA	Pneumatic	O141	OIL-GE-FK-48/72-MA-PNE
69	GE	FK-439-69-1500-	MA	Pneumatic	O141	OIL-GE-FK-48/72-MA-PNE
69	GE	FK-439-69-1500-3	MA	Pneumatic	O141	OIL-GE-FK-48/72-MA-PNE
69	GE	FK-439-69-1500-4	MA	Pneumatic	O141	OIL-GE-FK-48/72-MA-PNE
72.5	GE	FKA-72.5-19000-2	MA	Pneumatic	O142	OIL-GE-FKA-48/72-MA-PNE
48.3	GE	FK-48.3-17000-4	ML-14	Spring	O143	OIL-GE-FK-48/72-ML-SPR
48.3	GE	FK-48.3-29000-5	ML-14	Spring	O143	OIL-GE-FK-48/72-ML-SPR
48.3	GE	FK-48.3-29000-5R	ML-14	Spring	O143	OIL-GE-FK-48/72-ML-SPR
72.5	GE	FK-72.5-27000-10	ML-14	Spring	O143	OIL-GE-FK-48/72-ML-SPR
72.5	GE	FK-72.5-19000-7	ML-14	Spring	O143	OIL-GE-FK-48/72-ML-SPR
48.3	GE	FKA-48.3-17000-6Y	ML-14	Spring	O144	OIL-GE-FKA-48/72-ML-SPR
48.3	GE	FKA-48.3-29000-6Y	ML-14	Spring	O144	OIL-GE-FKA-48/72-ML-SPR
72.5	GE	FKA-72.5-19000-2	ML-14	Spring	O144	OIL-GE-FKA-48/72-ML-SPR
72.5	GE	FKA-72.5-27000-3	ML-14	Spring	O144	OIL-GE-FKA-48/72-ML-SPR
121	GE	FK-121-63000-0	MA	Pneumatic	O145	OIL-GE-FK-115to169-MA-PNE
121	GE	FK-121-43000-5	MA	Pneumatic	O145	OIL-GE-FK-115to169-MA-PNE
115	GE	FK-115-5000	MA	Pneumatic	O145	OIL-GE-FK-115to169-MA-PNE
115	GE	FK-115-5000-2	MA	Pneumatic	O145	OIL-GE-FK-115to169-MA-PNE
121	GE	FK-121-43000-3	MA	Pneumatic	O145	OIL-GE-FK-115to169-MA-PNE
115	GE	FK-115-10000-1	MA	Pneumatic	O145	OIL-GE-FK-115to169-MA-PNE
115	GE	FK-115-10000-2	MA	Pneumatic	O145	OIL-GE-FK-115to169-MA-PNE
115	GE	FK-439-115-1500	MA	Pneumatic	O145	OIL-GE-FK-115to169-MA-PNE
115	GE	FK-439-115-1500-3	MA	Pneumatic	O145	OIL-GE-FK-115to169-MA-PNE
115	GE	FK-439-115-3500-3	MA	Pneumatic	O145	OIL-GE-FK-115to169-MA-PNE
115	GE	FK-439-115-5000-3	MA	Pneumatic	O145	OIL-GE-FK-115to169-MA-PNE
121	GE	FK-121-63000-1Y	MA	Pneumatic	O145	OIL-GE-FK-115to169-MA-PNE
115	GE	FK-439-2500	MA	Pneumatic	O145	OIL-GE-FK-115to169-MA-PNE
115	GE	FK-439-115-3500-3	MA	Pneumatic	O145	OIL-GE-FK-115to169-MA-PNE
115	GE	FK-439-115-5000-Y	MA	Pneumatic	O145	OIL-GE-FK-115to169-MA-PNE
121	GE	FK-121-40000-6	MA	Pneumatic	O145	OIL-GE-FK-115to169-MA-PNE
121	GE	FK-121-20000-2	MA	Pneumatic	O145	OIL-GE-FK-115to169-MA-PNE
121	GE	FK-121-20000-3	MA	Pneumatic	O145	OIL-GE-FK-115to169-MA-PNE
121	GE	FK-121-22000-2Y	MA	Pneumatic	O145	OIL-GE-FK-115to169-MA-PNE
138	GE	FK138-10000-3	MA	Pneumatic	O145	OIL-GE-FK-115to169-MA-PNE
138	GE	FK138-10000-5	MA	Pneumatic	O145	OIL-GE-FK-115to169-MA-PNE
169	GE	FK-169-50000-0	MA	Pneumatic	O145	OIL-GE-FK-115to169-MA-PNE
169	GE	FK-169-16000-2	MA	Pneumatic	O145	OIL-GE-FK-115to169-MA-PNE
169	GE	FK-169-16000-3	MA	Pneumatic	O145	OIL-GE-FK-115to169-MA-PNE
161	GE	FK-339-161-10000	MA	Pneumatic	O145	OIL-GE-FK-115to169-MA-PNE
161	GE	FK-339-161-5000	MA	Pneumatic	O145	OIL-GE-FK-115to169-MA-PNE
161	GE	FK-339-161-78C-F4	MA	Pneumatic	O145	OIL-GE-FK-115to169-MA-PNE
138	GE	FK439-138-5000	MA	Pneumatic	O145	OIL-GE-FK-115to169-MA-PNE
138	GE	FK439-138-5000-3	MA	Pneumatic	O145	OIL-GE-FK-115to169-MA-PNE
138	GE	FK439-138-5000-4	MA	Pneumatic	O145	OIL-GE-FK-115to169-MA-PNE
161	GE	FK-439-161-10000	MA	Pneumatic	O145	OIL-GE-FK-115to169-MA-PNE
161	GE	FK-439-161-3500	MA	Pneumatic	O145	OIL-GE-FK-115to169-MA-PNE
161	GE	FK-439-161-5000	MA	Pneumatic	O145	OIL-GE-FK-115to169-MA-PNE
161	GE	FK-439-161-5000-1	MA	Pneumatic	O145	OIL-GE-FK-115to169-MA-PNE
161	GE	FK-439-161-5000-2	MA	Pneumatic	O145	OIL-GE-FK-115to169-MA-PNE
115	GE	FK-439-115-5000-5Y	MA	Pneumatic	O145	OIL-GE-FK-115to169-MA-PNE
161	GE	FK-439-161-7500	MA	Pneumatic	O145	OIL-GE-FK-115to169-MA-PNE
242	GE	FK-242	MA	Pneumatic	O146	OIL-GE-FK-230/242-MA-PNE
161	GE	FGK-161-10000	MA	Pneumatic	O147	OIL-GE-FGK-115to169-MA-PNE
161	GE	FGK-161-10000-1	MA	Pneumatic	O147	OIL-GE-FGK-115to169-MA-PNE
161	GE	FGK-161-10000-3	MA	Pneumatic	O147	OIL-GE-FGK-115to169-MA-PNE
161	GE	FGK-161-10000-4	MA	Pneumatic	O147	OIL-GE-FGK-115to169-MA-PNE
161	GE	FGK-161-15000	MA	Pneumatic	O147	OIL-GE-FGK-115to169-MA-PNE
161	GE	FGK-161-18000	MA	Pneumatic	O147	OIL-GE-FGK-115to169-MA-PNE
138	GE	FGK138-10000	MA	Pneumatic	O147	OIL-GE-FGK-115to169-MA-PNE
230	GE	FGK-230-10000-7	MA	Pneumatic	O148	OIL-GE-FGK-230/242-MA-PNE
230	GE	FGK-230-15000-1	MA	Pneumatic	O148	OIL-GE-FGK-230/242-MA-PNE
69	ITE	69-KM-2500-12	P-24B	Pneumatic	O116	OIL-ITE-KM-69-P-PNE
69	ITE	69-KM-3500-12	P-24B	Pneumatic	O116	OIL-ITE-KM-69-P-PNE
69	ITE	69-KM-2500-12B	P-24B	Pneumatic	O116	OIL-ITE-KM-69-P-PNE
115	ITE	115KM10000-16B	P	Pneumatic	O117	OIL-ITE-KM-115to169-P-PNE
115	ITE	115-KM-10000-20	P	Pneumatic	O117	OIL-ITE-KM-115to169-P-PNE
161	ITE	161-KM-15000-16	P	Pneumatic	O117	OIL-ITE-KM-115to169-P-PNE
161	ITE	161-KM-15000-16B	P	Pneumatic	O117	OIL-ITE-KM-115to169-P-PNE
161	ITE	161-KM-15000-25	P	Pneumatic	O117	OIL-ITE-KM-115to169-P-PNE
161	ITE	161-KM-15000-25B	P	Pneumatic	O117	OIL-ITE-KM-115to169-P-PNE
169	ITE	169-KM-50-16C	P	Pneumatic	O117	OIL-ITE-KM-115to169-P-PNE
169	ITE	169-KM-50-16CS	P	Pneumatic	O117	OIL-ITE-KM-115to169-P-PNE
169	ITE	169-KM-50-20C	P	Pneumatic	O117	OIL-ITE-KM-115to169-P-PNE
169	ITE	169-KM-50-25C	P	Pneumatic	O117	OIL-ITE-KM-115to169-P-PNE
145	ITE	145-KM-40-20	P	Pneumatic	O117	OIL-ITE-KM-115to169-P-PNE
115	ITE	115KM-5000-12B	P	Pneumatic	O117	OIL-ITE-KM-115to169-P-PNE
115	ITE	115KM-5000-16B	P	Pneumatic	O117	OIL-ITE-KM-115to169-P-PNE
138	ITE	138-KM-5000-12B	P	Pneumatic	O117	OIL-ITE-KM-115to169-P-PNE
138	ITE	138-KM-10000-16	P	Pneumatic	O117	OIL-ITE-KM-115to169-P-PNE
230	ITE	230KM20,000-16	P	Pneumatic	O118	OIL-ITE-KM-230/242-P-PNE
242	ITE	242-KM-40-20	P	Pneumatic	O118	OIL-ITE-KM-230/242-P-PNE
242	ITE	242-KM-40-20C	P	Pneumatic	O118	OIL-ITE-KM-230/242-P-PNE
242	ITE	242KM50-20C	P	Pneumatic	O118	OIL-ITE-KM-230/242-P-PNE
242	ITE	242KM63-30B	P	Pneumatic	O118	OIL-ITE-KM-230/242-P-PNE
242	ITE	242KM63-20C	P	Pneumatic	O118	OIL-ITE-KM-230/242-P-PNE
46	ITE/GOULD	46KS150012B	P	Pneumatic	O121	OIL-ITE/GOULD-KS-48/69-P-PNE
46	ITE/GOULD	46KS250012B	P	Pneumatic	O121	OIL-ITE/GOULD-KS-48/69-P-PNE
69	ITE/GOULD	69KS350012D	P	Pneumatic	O121	OIL-ITE/GOULD-KS-48/69-P-PNE
69	ITE/GOULD	69KS2500-12D	P	Pneumatic	O121	OIL-ITE/GOULD-KS-48/69-P-PNE
69	ITE/GOULD	69-KS-2500-12B	P	Pneumatic	O121	OIL-ITE/GOULD-KS-48/69-P-PNE
69	ITE/GOULD	69-KS-2500-12C	P	Pneumatic	O121	OIL-ITE/GOULD-KS-48/69-P-PNE
69	ITE/GOULD	69-KSB-2500-12B	P	Pneumatic	O122	OIL-ITE/GOULD-KSB-69-P-PNE
69	ITE/GOULD	69-KSB-3500-12B	P	Pneumatic	O122	OIL-ITE/GOULD-KSB-69-P-PNE
69	ITE/GOULD	69-KSB-3500-20B	P	Pneumatic	O122	OIL-ITE/GOULD-KSB-69-P-PNE
69	ITE/GOULD	69-KSB-5000-20B	P	Pneumatic	O122	OIL-ITE/GOULD-KSB-69-P-PNE
72.5	MCGRAWE	CG-48	OA	Pneudraulic	O124	OIL-MCGR-CG-48/72-OA-PNED
72.5	MCGRAWE	CG-38	OA	Pneudraulic	O124	OIL-MCGR-CG-48/72-OA-PNED
72.5	MCGRAWE	CG-48-72.5-20	OA	Pneudraulic	O124	OIL-MCGR-CG-48/72-OA-PNED
72.5	MCGRAWE	CG-48-72.5-31.5	OA	Pneudraulic	O124	OIL-MCGR-CG-48/72-OA-PNED
72.5	MCGRAWE	CGH-50	OA	Pneudraulic	O125	OIL-MCGR-CGH-72-OA-PNED
115	MCGRAWE/PENNSYLVANIAT	AHJ-54-115-10000	OA	Pneudraulic	O126	OIL-MCGR/PENNT-AHJ-115to169-OA-PNED
115	MCGRAWE/PENNSYLVANIAT	AHJ-54	OA	Pneudraulic	O126	OIL-MCGR/PENNT-AHJ-115to169-OA-PNED
115	MCGRAWE/PENNSYLVANIAT	AHJ-60	OA	Pneudraulic	O126	OIL-MCGR/PENNT-AHJ-115to169-OA-PNED
138	MCGRAWE/PENNSYLVANIAT	AHJ-60-138-10000	OA	Pneudraulic	O126	OIL-MCGR/PENNT-AHJ-115to169-OA-PNED
138	MCGRAWE/PENNSYLVANIAT	AHJ-60-138-15000	OA	Pneudraulic	O126	OIL-MCGR/PENNT-AHJ-115to169-OA-PNED
115	MCGRAWE	AHF-48	OA	Pneudraulic	O127	OIL-MCGRAWE-AHF-115to169-OA-PNED
121	MCGRAWE	AHF-48-121-20	OA	Pneudraulic	O127	OIL-MCGRAWE-AHF-115to169-OA-PNED
145	MCGRAWE	AHF-54	OA	Pneudraulic	O127	OIL-MCGRAWE-AHF-115to169-OA-PNED
145	MCGRAWE	ALP-60	OA	Pneudraulic	O128	OIL-MCGRAWE-ALP-115to169-OA-PNED
145	MCGRAWE	ALP-54	OA	Pneudraulic	O128	OIL-MCGRAWE-ALP-115to169-OA-PNED
121	MCGRAWE	ALP-54-121-40	OA	Pneudraulic	O128	OIL-MCGRAWE-ALP-115to169-OA-PNED
121	MCGRAWE	AHP-60	OA	Pneudraulic	O129	OIL-MCGRAWE-AHP-115to169-OA-PNED
121	MCGRAWE	AHP-60-121-80	OA	Pneudraulic	O129	OIL-MCGRAWE-AHP-115to169-OA-PNED
69	MCGRAWE/PENNSYLVANIAT	CF-48-69-2500	OA	Pneudraulic	O130	OIL-MCGR/PENNT-CF-69-OA-PNED
115	MCGRAWE/PENNSYLVANIAT	AHE-48	OA	Pneudraulic	O131	OIL-MCGR/PENNT-AHE-115to169-OA-PNED
115	MCGRAWE/PENNSYLVANIAT	AHE-48-115-5000	OA	Pneudraulic	O131	OIL-MCGR/PENNT-AHE-115to169-OA-PNED
121	MCGRAWE/PENNSYLVANIAT	AHE-48-121-20	OA	Pneudraulic	O131	OIL-MCGR/PENNT-AHE-115to169-OA-PNED
138	MCGRAWE/PENNSYLVANIAT	AHE-54-138-5000	OA	Pneudraulic	O131	OIL-MCGR/PENNT-AHE-115to169-OA-PNED
115	MCGRAWE/FEDERALP	RHE-64-1	OA	Pneudraulic	O132	OIL-MCGR/FEDP-RHE-115to169-OA-PNED
115	MCGRAWE/FEDERALP	RHE-64-H	OA	Pneudraulic	O132	OIL-MCGR/FEDP-RHE-115to169-OA-PNED
230	MCGRAWE/FEDERALP	RHE-84-230-1500	OA	Pneudraulic	O133	OIL-MCGR/FEDP-RHE-230/242-OA-PNED
230	MCGRAWE/FEDERALP	RHE-84-230-10000	OA	Pneudraulic	O133	OIL-MCGR/FEDP-RHE-230/242-OA-PNED
230	MCGRAWE/FEDERALP	RHE-84-230-15000	OA	Pneudraulic	O133	OIL-MCGR/FEDP-RHE-230/242-OA-PNED
242	MCGRAWE/FEDERALP	RHE-84-242-31.5	OA	Pneudraulic	O133	OIL-MCGR/FEDP-RHE-230/242-OA-PNED
242	MCGRAWE/FEDERALP	RHE-90-242KV-40KA-2000AMPERE	OA	Pneudraulic	O133	OIL-MCGR/FEDP-RHE-230/242-OA-PNED
242	MCGRAWE/FEDERALP	RHE-90	OA	Pneudraulic	O133	OIL-MCGR/FEDP-RHE-230/242-OA-PNED
242	MCGRAWE/FEDERALP	RHE-84	OA	Pneudraulic	O133	OIL-MCGR/FEDP-RHE-230/242-OA-PNED
242	MCGRAWE	RHF-84-242-40	OA	Pneudraulic	O134	OIL-MCGR-RHF-230/242-OA-PNED
242	MCGRAWE	RHF-84	OA	Pneudraulic	O134	OIL-MCGR-RHF-230/242-OA-PNED
242	MCGRAWE	RHF-90	OA	Pneudraulic	O134	OIL-MCGR-RHF-230/242-OA-PNED
69	FEDERALP	AF-36-69-1500	OA	Pneudraulic	O135	OIL-FEDP-AF-69-OA-PNED
145	ABB	HLR1.145/2502-B2S	BLG	Spring	O151	OIL-ABB-HLR-145-BLG-SPR
245	ABB	HLR245	BLG	Spring	O152	OIL-ABB-HLR-245-BLG-SPR
420	ABB	HLR100/2932 ES	BLG	Spring	O153	OIL-ABB-HLR-420-BLG-SPR
69	WESTINGHOUSE	690-GM-5000	AA-10	Pneumatic	O161	OIL-WEST-GM-69-AA-PNE
115	WESTINGHOUSE	1150GM5000	AA-10	Pneumatic	O162	OIL-WEST-GM-115to169-AA-PNE
115	WESTINGHOUSE	1150GM5111	AA-10	Pneumatic	O162	OIL-WEST-GM-115to169-AA-PNE
115	WESTINGHOUSE	1150GM10000	AA-10	Pneumatic	O162	OIL-WEST-GM-115to169-AA-PNE
121	WESTINGHOUSE	121GM20	AA-10	Pneumatic	O162	OIL-WEST-GM-115to169-AA-PNE
138	WESTINGHOUSE	1380-GM-5000	AA-10	Pneumatic	O162	OIL-WEST-GM-115to169-AA-PNE
138	WESTINGHOUSE	1380-GM-10000	AA-10	Pneumatic	O162	OIL-WEST-GM-115to169-AA-PNE
138	WESTINGHOUSE	1380-GM-15000	AA-10	Pneumatic	O162	OIL-WEST-GM-115to169-AA-PNE
161	WESTINGHOUSE	1610-GM-15000	AA-10	Pneumatic	O162	OIL-WEST-GM-115to169-AA-PNE
145	WESTINGHOUSE	145-GM-20	AA-10	Pneumatic	O162	OIL-WEST-GM-115to169-AA-PNE
145	WESTINGHOUSE	145GM63	AA-10	Pneumatic	O162	OIL-WEST-GM-115to169-AA-PNE
169	WESTINGHOUSE	169-GM-31	AA-10	Pneumatic	O162	OIL-WEST-GM-115to169-AA-PNE
169	WESTINGHOUSE	169-GM-50	AA-10	Pneumatic	O162	OIL-WEST-GM-115to169-AA-PNE
115	WESTINGHOUSE	GM-6	AA-10	Pneumatic	O162	OIL-WEST-GM-115to169-AA-PNE
115	WESTINGHOUSE	GM-6B	AA-10	Pneumatic	O162	OIL-WEST-GM-115to169-AA-PNE
115	WESTINGHOUSE	GM-6BS	AA-10	Pneumatic	O162	OIL-WEST-GM-115to169-AA-PNE
115	WESTINGHOUSE	GM-5C	AA-10	Pneumatic	O162	OIL-WEST-GM-115to169-AA-PNE
161	WESTINGHOUSE	GM-5	AA-10	Pneumatic	O162	OIL-WEST-GM-115to169-AA-PNE
161	WESTINGHOUSE	GM-7	AA-10	Pneumatic	O162	OIL-WEST-GM-115to169-AA-PNE
161	WESTINGHOUSE	GM-5A	AA-10	Pneumatic	O162	OIL-WEST-GM-115to169-AA-PNE
161	WESTINGHOUSE	GM-7A	AA-10	Pneumatic	O162	OIL-WEST-GM-115to169-AA-PNE
161	WESTINGHOUSE	GM-7B	AA-10	Pneumatic	O162	OIL-WEST-GM-115to169-AA-PNE
161	WESTINGHOUSE	GM-6A	AA-10	Pneumatic	O162	OIL-WEST-GM-115to169-AA-PNE
69	WESTINGHOUSE	GM-6	CAS8	Pneumatic	O163	OIL-WEST-GM-69-CAS-PNE
161	WESTINGHOUSE	GM-4	CAS8	Pneumatic	O164	OIL-WEST-GM-115to169-CAS-PNE
161	WESTINGHOUSE	GM-4A	CAS8	Pneumatic	O164	OIL-WEST-GM-115to169-CAS-PNE
161	WESTINGHOUSE	GM-2	CAS8	Pneumatic	O164	OIL-WEST-GM-115to169-CAS-PNE
161	WESTINGHOUSE	GM-3	CAS8	Pneumatic	O164	OIL-WEST-GM-115to169-CAS-PNE
69	WESTINGHOUSE	GM-6A	SAF4	Solenoid	O165	OIL-WEST-GM/GO/G-46/69-SAF-SOL
69	WESTINGHOUSE	GO-2	SAF4	Solenoid	O165	OIL-WEST-GM/GO/G-46/69-SAF-SOL
69	WESTINGHOUSE	GO-3-B	SAF4	Solenoid	O165	OIL-WEST-GM/GO/G-46/69-SAF-SOL
46	WESTINGHOUSE	460-G-1500	SAF4	Solenoid	O165	OIL-WEST-GM/GO/G-46/69-SAF-SOL
121	WESTINGHOUSE	121GMB40	AA-10	Pneumatic	O166	OIL-WEST-GMB-115to169-AA-PNE
145	WESTINGHOUSE	145-GMB-63	AA-10	Pneumatic	O166	OIL-WEST-GMB-115to169-AA-PNE
121	WESTINGHOUSE	121-GMB-63	AA-10	Pneumatic	O166	OIL-WEST-GMB-115to169-AA-PNE
145	WESTINGHOUSE	145-GMA-40	AA-10	Pneumatic	O167	OIL-WEST-GMA-115to169-AA-PNE
145	WESTINGHOUSE	145GMA63	AA-10	Pneumatic	O167	OIL-WEST-GMA-115to169-AA-PNE
121	WESTINGHOUSE	121-GMA-63	AA-10	Pneumatic	O167	OIL-WEST-GMA-115to169-AA-PNE
121	WESTINGHOUSE	121-GMA-40	AA-10	Pneumatic	O167	OIL-WEST-GMA-115to169-AA-PNE
242	WESTINGHOUSE	242GMA40	AA-14	Pneumatic	O168	OIL-WEST-GMA-242-AA-PNE
242	WESTINGHOUSE	242-GMA-50	AA-14	Pneumatic	O168	OIL-WEST-GMA-242-AA-PNE
242	WESTINGHOUSE	242-GMA-63	AA-14	Pneumatic	O168	OIL-WEST-GMA-242-AA-PNE
69	WESTINGHOUSE	GO-3B	AA-7	Pneumatic	O171	OIL-WEST-GO-69-AA-PNE
69	WESTINGHOUSE	GO-5B	AA-7	Pneumatic	O171	OIL-WEST-GO-69-AA-PNE
161	WESTINGHOUSE	GO-2A	AA-10	Pneumatic	O172	OIL-WEST-GO-161-AA-PNE
161	WESTINGHOUSE	GO-4	AA-10	Pneumatic	O172	OIL-WEST-GO-161-AA-PNE
161	WESTINGHOUSE	GO-4A	AA-10	Pneumatic	O172	OIL-WEST-GO-161-AA-PNE
46	WESTINGHOUSE	GO-2A	CAS6	Pneumatic	O173	OIL-WEST-GO-46/69-CAS-PNE
46	WESTINGHOUSE	GO-4	CAS6	Pneumatic	O173	OIL-WEST-GO-46/69-CAS-PNE
69	WESTINGHOUSE	GO-3B	CAS6	Pneumatic	O173	OIL-WEST-GO-46/69-CAS-PNE
69	WESTINGHOUSE	GO-4B	CAS6	Pneumatic	O173	OIL-WEST-GO-46/69-CAS-PNE
161	WESTINGHOUSE	GO-4	CAS8	Pneumatic	O174	OIL-WEST-GO-161-CAS-PNE
161	WESTINGHOUSE	GO-4A	CAS8	Pneumatic	O174	OIL-WEST-GO-161-CAS-PNE
230	WESTINGHOUSE	2300GW15000	AA-14	Pneumatic	O175	OIL-WEST-GW-230/242-AA-PNE
242	WESTINGHOUSE	242GW40	AA-10	Pneumatic	O175	OIL-WEST-GW-230/242-AA-PNE
230	WESTINGHOUSE	2300GW10000	AA-14	Pneumatic	O175	OIL-WEST-GW-230/242-AA-PNE
230	WESTINGHOUSE	2300GW20000	AA-14	Pneumatic	O175	OIL-WEST-GW-230/242-AA-PNE
242	WESTINGHOUSE	242GW40	AA-10	Pneumatic	O175	OIL-WEST-GW-230/242-AA-PNE
345	WESTINGHOUSE	3450-GW-25000	AA-14	Pneumatic	O176	OIL-WEST-GW-362-AA-PNE
362	WESTINGHOUSE	362GW63	AA-10	Pneumatic	O176	OIL-WEST-GW-362-AA-PNE
362	WESTINGHOUSE	362GW40	AA-10	Pneumatic	O176	OIL-WEST-GW-362-AA-PNE
362	WESTINGHOUSE	362GW50	AA-10	Pneumatic	O176	OIL-WEST-GW-362-AA-PNE
46	WESTINGHOUSE	460GS1500	AA-7	Pneumatic	O177	OIL-WEST-GS-46/69-AA-PNE
69	WESTINGHOUSE	690GS2500	AA-7	Pneumatic	O177	OIL-WEST-GS-46/69-AA-PNE
46	WESTINGHOUSE	460G1500	AA-7	Pneumatic	O178	OIL-WEST-G-46/69-AA-PNE
69	WESTINGHOUSE	690G2500	AA-7	Pneumatic	O178	OIL-WEST-G-46/69-AA-PNE
69	WESTINGHOUSE	690-G-3500	AA-7	Pneumatic	O178	OIL-WEST-G-46/69-AA-PNE
69	WESTINGHOUSE	690-G-1000	AA-7	Pneumatic	O178	OIL-WEST-G-46/69-AA-PNE
69	WESTINGHOUSE	690-G-1500	AA-7	Pneumatic	O178	OIL-WEST-G-46/69-AA-PNE

HVDC Voltage Detector Testing

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

The scope of the work was to evaluate the performance of three commercially available HVDC voltage detectors. There are two general types of voltage detectors: contact detectors and proximity (or non-contact) detectors. All three of the detectors assessed in this work were contact type detectors. The detectors were tested to determine whether they were able to detect the presence of DC voltage within their rating range. A limited number of HVAC tests were also performed to determine if the detectors alarm under 60 Hz voltage.
The full report can be downloaded using the following link: High Voltage Direct Current Voltage Detector Evaluation

Chapter 2 - Power Delivery Asset Management Overview

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

This chapter outlines the basics of power delivery asset management and describes the principles and fundamental processes of PDAM. For the foreseeable future, utilities will need to manage an array of potentially conflicting business objectives, including the need to maintain competitive economic performance, improve customer satisfaction, maintain high reliability, address regulatory uncertainty, and comply with increased environmental regulation. The result is that many utilities are considering or have moved towards implementing informal or formal asset management concepts and driving decision-making based on minimizing equipment life-cycle cost and risks and maximizing benefits. A structured asset management approach has been successful in many other industries and, when properly adapted to utility needs, can provide the framework, processes and tools to develop the most effective programs for building, operating and maintaining today’s power delivery infrastructure.

Project Updates, News, and FAQs

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

The EPRIU for Transmission project adds new content each year, and updates existing content as needed. Material is released as soon as it is available. Project update meetings are routinely held for current funders, and instructor-led training is spread throughout the calendar year. Starting in 2022, EPRIU for Transmission became eligible to offer NERC Certified System Operators credit towards their certification renewals upon successful completion of certain approved courses.

Planned Tasks

Continuing to build on the momentum created in the three years of the project, EPRIU for Transmission is expanding its catalog of available training material. Refusing to trade quality for quantity, this is being done at a methodical pace, based on member feedback and available resources.

PTX

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

PTX (Power Transformer Expert System) is a rule-base expert system based on MYCIN intended to provide constistent, repeatable assessments of transformer condition and failure risk given readily-available data. Some key feature include:

Spare Strategy Analysis

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Throughfault Risk Assessment

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Industry-wide Data

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Chapter 3 - Inspection and Assessment: Methods and Technologies

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Contributing Authors

Andrew H. Stewart President EDM International, Inc.

phone: 970.203.4001

AStewart@edmlink.com

Chapter 3 - Steel Structure Foundations and Guy Anchors

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Contributing Author

Ronald E. Randle

Vice President of Engineering EDM International, Inc.

Phone: 970-204-4001

rrandle@edmlink.com

Chapter 3 - Structural Corrosion: Inspection and Assessment Practices for Transmission Asset Management

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Contributing Author

Neal Murray Technical Executive Transmission

Power Delivery & Utilization Phone: 704.595.2624

nmurray@epri.com

Neal Murray is a Sr. Project Manager in the Overhead Transmission program area of the Power Delivery & Utilization Sector. His current research activities focus on atmospheric and sub-grade corrosion within transmission and distribution.

Before joining EPRI in 2007, Mr. Murray worked at Osmose Utilities Services as a Corrosion Program Manager and Corrosion Specialist. He has been a Systems Engineer for three aerospace companies in the development of liquid propulsion engines for heavy lift vehicles and satellite control systems. His field of specialty is corrosion on transmission and distribution structures and has more than 35 years’ experience in corrosion control, product development, and management.

Hyperlinks to Training Courses

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

EPRI|U for Transmission project funders will find registration links for any pending, instructor-led training sessions (i.e.: webinars and workshops) located on this page, followed by a list of on-demand training content with hyperlinks directly to the material in the EPRI|U Learning management system.

You can download the entire list of available courses here

Asset Management

Product ID#	Title
3002034156	Copper Book Technical Webinar 4: Oil Quality: How to effectively interpret results and make decisions Webinar Video
3002020496	Overhead Transmission Line Inspection - Online Training (OTLOT) Version 2021
3002030811	Contamination Performance of Insulators
3002026222	Non-Invasive Transformer Condition Monitoring - Video
3002020519	Transformer Ratings for Both Normal and Overload Conditions

Engineering

Product ID#	Title
3002033702	Failure Event Loading Workshop Webcast Video
3002033526	Calculation of Transmission Structural Loads Part 2 Webcast Video
3002033194	Orange Book Seminar 1 Webcast Video
3002030812	Transmission 101 (Spanish)
3002031251	Copper Book Technical Series: Partial discharge detection: How it can help assess transformer risk - Webinar 5 Video
3002031164	Copper Book Technical Series: Dissolved Gas Analysis: Optimal sampling and analysis - Webinar 3 Video
3002030793	Determination of NESC C2-2023 Clearances Module 2 Webinar Video
3002030634	Overhead Transmission Connectors 101 Video
3002026221	Optimal Oil Sampling Practices - Video
3002026219	Novel Fluids and Materials - Video
3002026218	Power Transformer Fundamentals - Video
3002026217	Understanding On-Line DGA Monitoring Technologies - Video
3002025061	Alternative Fluids: The Opportunities They Provide and the Research to Help Guide - Video
3002025059	Transformer End of Life Assessment: What New Markers in the Fluid Reveal to Us - Video
3002025057	Transformer Moisture: Why to Keep Your Transformer Dry and Advances in Technology That Can Help - Video
3002025055	On-Line Partial Discharge Detection: When to Use It and How to Interpret It - Video
3002022527	HVDC Basics - Video
3002025022	DGA (Dissolved Gas Analysis): Interpretation of Results and Selection of On-Line Monitors Video
3002022928	HVDC Transmission Basics Part 2
3002022139	Insulator Contamination Basics
3002022930	Transmission Corrosion Control Basics Part 1
3002022931	Transmission Corrosion Control Basics Part 2
3002020520	The Different Approaches to On-Line Bushing Monitoring and What Actions to Take Based on the Results
3002020518	The Different Approaches to On-Line DGA Monitoring and What Actions to Take Based on the Results
3002020517	Natural and Synthetic Esters and Other Alternative Fluids for Transformers
3002020516	Power Transformers: The Parts That Make Up the Whole
3002020082	On-Line Bushing and LTC Monitoring for Transformers The Basics
3002020081	UHF & Acoustic Emission Partial Discharge Detection for Transformers The Basics
3002019988	Optimal Phasing for EMF Mitigation
3002019711	EMF Web Series: Epidemiology 101 - Part 2
3002019770	NESC 5mA Rule Overview and Application
3002019970	Transmission Transformer Basics
3002019769	EMF Web Series: Epidemiology 101 #1
3002019671	Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) & Transformers - The Basics
3002019442	Alternative Fluids for Transformers - The Basics
3002014545	Overview on IEEE Std 1547-2018
3002014108	Circuit Breaker Restrike Explained
3002014173	Hazards of Step

Field Operations

Product ID#	Title
3002034310	Work Site Job Briefing - Grounding
3002034321	Hazards of Improper Grounding and Bonding
3002034322	Induction Hazards - Summary
3002034320	Magnetic Loop During Bus Outage
3002034319	Parallel Transmission Lines in Common Right-of-Way
3002034317	Temporary Protective Grounding - Summary
3002034318	Understanding Induction Hazards
3002030554	Directional Testers for Measuring the Ground Resistance of Transmission Structures
3002030557	Surge Arrester Training
3002030556	Transmission Line Lightning Back Flashover
3002028392	Transmission Asset Management Analytics Concepts
3002020407	Transmission Lines - Lightning and Grounding Basics: Modeling and Verification Process to Calculate Performance
3002020406	Transmission Lines - Lightning and Grounding Basics: Introduction to Surge Arresters
3002020405	Transmission Lines Lightning and Grounding Basics: Grounding for Lightning Performance
3002020404	Transmission Lines Lightning and Grounding Basics: Introduction to Grounding
3002020399	Transmission Lines Lightning & Grounding: Lightning Impulse Strength of Insulator Strings
3002020080	Transmission Lines - Lightning and Grounding: Backflash Fundamentals Lightning Stroke Attraction
3002020077	Transmission Lines - Lightning and Grounding: Backflash Fundamentals Part 3
3002020076	Transmission Lines - Lightning and Grounding: Backflash Fundamentals - Part 2
3002020001	Transmission Lines - Lightning & Grounding: Backflash Fundamentals Part 1
3002019780	Transmission Lines - Lightning & Grounding: Introduction and Basic Principles
3002031863	Controlling Transient Overvoltages at the Worksite
3002031865	Definition and Calculation of Per Unit Values for Transient Overvoltages
3002014092	Minimum Approach Distance (MAD) Videos Module 3: How is MAD Determined?
3002014093	Minimum Approach Distance (MAD) Videos Module 4: Factors that Impact Transient Overvoltages (T-Factors)
3002014094	Minimum Approach Distance (MAD) Videos Module 5: Methods for Establishing MAD

Protection and Controls

Product ID#	Title
3002014095	Minimum Approach Distance (MAD) Videos Module 6: How to Reduce Transient Overvoltages at the Worksite
3002014096	"Minimum Approach Distance (MAD) Videos Module 7: Case Studies
3002014178	Using an Implosive Connection
3002014175	Introduction to Conductor Connections
3002014176	Using a Single Stage Connection
3002014177	Using a Two Stage Connection
3002014172	Equipotential Zones Preventing Induction Hazards
3002014174	Storing, Transporting, and Installing Polymer Insulators
3002014171	Temporary Protective Grounding of Transmission Lines
3002014090	Minimum Approach Distance (MAD) Videos Module 1: Introduction and Background to MAD
3002014091	Minimum Approach Distance (MAD) Videos Module 2: What is MAD?
3002034341	Demonstration - Issuing Orders
3002034340	Demonstration - Review Clearance Order
3002034336	Eliminating Distractions
3002034338	Illustrating Basics of Three-Part Communication
3002034337	Introduction to Three-Part Communication
3002034332	Performing a Switching Pre-Job Brief
3002034335	Performing a Walkdown
3002034326	Personal Protective Equipment - Part 1 (Requirements)
3002034327	Personal Protective Equipment - Part 2 (Use)
3002034334	Preparing to Switch - Final Review
3002034325	SSR: Preparing to Switch - Introduction Part 2
3002034324	SSR: Preparing to Switch-Introduction Part 1
3002034328	Substation Safety - Part 1 (Entry)
3002034329	Substation Safety - Part 2
3002015691	SF6 Computer Based Training (Update)
3002033935	Operations for an Evolving Grid: Frequency Control and Balancing

System Operations

Product ID#	Title
3002033926	Operations for an Evolving Grid: Inverter Based Resource (IBR) Basics and Operations
3002033540	Reactive Power Compensation and Power System Stability
3002033931	The Operations for an Evolving Grid: Forecasting
3002034323	Line Switch - Motor Operator Reliability Improvements
3002034167	Copper Book Technical Webinar 5: Bushings 101 Video
3002034314	Defining the Need to Ground
3002034316	Equipotential Grounding
3002034311	Hazardous Currents, Part 1: Temporary Protective Grounding
3002034312	Hazardous Currents, Part 2: Temporary Protective Grounding
3002034313	Summary of Hazards of Step, Touch, and Transfer Voltages
3002034315	Typical Temporary Grounding
3002034309	Work Site Protection Methods Part 2
3002034307	Explanation of Induction Coupling
3002034305	Grounding and Bonding- Definition and Process
3002034304	Hazards of Step, Touch, and Transfer Voltages: Definitions
3002034303	Introduction: Increase Your Awareness
3002034306	Protecting Ground Personnel
3002034308	Work Site Protection Methods Part 1
3002033703	Copper Book Technical Webinar 3: Beyond Dissolved Gas Analysis: Assessing remaining life of Power Transformers Webinar Video
3002033495	Copper Book Technical Webinar 2: On-line monitoring technologies for Power Transformers Webinar Video
3002033220	Copper Book Technical Webinar 1: Power Transformers 101 Webinar Video
3002020801	System Protection 101
3002031249	Copper Book Technical Series: Transformer supply chain challenges: Research and technologies to help- Webinar 4 Video
3002019849	Transmission 101
3002030792	Copper Book Technical Series: Risk assessment using on-line technologies - Webinar 2
3002030553	Measuring Transmission Line Grounds Using the Clamp-On Method
3002030552	Measuring Transmission Line Grounds Using the Fall of Potential Method
3002030555	Training Video for Measuring Transmission Line Grounds Using the Zed-Meter
3002030646	Determination of NESC C2-2023 Clearances Module 1 Webinar Video
3002030641	Copper Book Technical Series: Power Transformer Fundamentals - Webinar 1 Video
3002028251	Transmission 201
3002025320	System Protection 102
3002014547	T+D Coordination for DER Ride-through and Trip Requirements
3002014546	DER Ride-Through Performance Categories and Trip Settings

Maintenance Priority Rating

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Each porcelain or glass insulator condition illustrated in this guide has been assigned a maintenance priority rating that indicates the severity of the problem.

The maintenance priority ranking below is only a recommendation provided by EPRI.

Maintenance Priority Rating

Definition

Good or like new. No action required.

Low degree of damage, wear, or decay. Monitor for future damage.

Moderate degree of damage, wear, or decay. Consider replacement.

Chapter 3 - The Power Delivery Asset Management Model

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

One key goal of EPRI’s asset management work is to develop a visual representation of the functional elements of a complete power delivery asset management implementation and their interrelationships as shown in Figure 1. Modeling the PDAM conceptual implementation illustrates the interfaces among the various components and shows the required inputs and expected outputs. The model helps to better define the important PDAM processes and to guide subsequent development work to identify data and analytical tool requirements for the individual elements and processes.

How effective are original treatment types for given species?

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Based on one utility’s single species with four original treatment types plotted separately

Influence on Delaying Onset of Strength Loss

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

A pole’s reject status is often determined by its remaining strength, which is usually calculated based on the inspection contractor’s proprietary algorithm. When inspection data includes individual poles’ remaining strengths, further investigation of strength loss patterns is possible. This section shows examples of how remaining strengths may be leveraged to investigate the influence of retreatment on the onset of strength loss.

In Figure, the left plot shows pole age count by retreatment status for utility L’s distribution poles, where there are many more un-retreated poles than retreated ones. The right plot illustrates, for the same fleet, the percent of poles with no observed strength loss (i.e. percent poles retaining 100% remaining strength) by pole age and retreatment status. Each circle in the right plot represents a cohort of poles associated with a retreatment status at a given age, and circle size correlates with the number of poles within that cohort. It appears that a higher portion of previously retreated distribution poles at utility L had retained their original strengths than their un-retreated counterparts, especially within the age range of 30-50, although the scatter makes statistically meaningful interpretations challenging. The example shows preliminary observations and are not conclusive. The effects of retreatment are an area of ongoing investigation.

How do different species perform?

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Based on one utility’s two species plotted separately, each with all original treatment types combined

How do pole top degradation patterns differ from groundline degradation?

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Based on one utility’s two species, each in a separate plot, with all original treatment types combined. Each plot has two degradation mechanisms plotted separately.

Corrective Maintenance Requirements Based on Work Order Counts - Annual Average CM

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

To compare corrective maintenance activities across breaker families and across utilities, a new metric was developed, Annual Average CM.

It is calculated for each breaker and aggregated for families, as follows:

    Annual Average CM for breaker = (Number of CMs incurred by breaker) / (Number of Years over which the work order histories were observed)
    Annual Average CM for family = Sum [(Annual Average CM for breakers in the family)] / (Number of Breakers in Family)

Annual Average CM is calculated for each breaker using the maintenance history provided by the utility. For older breakers, EPRI has chosen to look back no more than ten years. As the name suggests, Annual Average CM for a breaker is calculated by summing the CM counts for that breaker and averaging it annually by dividing by the number of years over which work order histories were observed. For example, a breaker that had 4 corrective maintenance work orders over the last 5 years of available history has a calculated Annual Average CM of 0.8.

Comparing Gas Call Rates of Various SF6 Circuit Breaker Models

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

To focus further on gas calls, EPRI analyzed work orders to calculate the annual average gas call values of various SF6 breaker families as shown in Figure 2-6.

Annual Average Gas Call is calculated for each breaker using up to the last 10 years of maintenance history. Similar to the Annual Average CM discussed before, Annual Average Gas Call is calculated by summing the gas call counts for each breaker and averaging it annually by dividing by the number of years of recorded history. Annual Average Gas Call for breaker = (Number of Gas Calls incurred by breaker)/ (Number of Years over which work order histories were observed)

Circuit Breaker Replacement Ranking

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Because of the older demographic distributions common in many utilities, improvements are needed to provide more effective management of aging high-voltage circuit breaker fleets. Operating such equipment reliably and with a low risk of failure at or beyond typically assumed design lives is a subject of interest for many utilities. Consequently, developing and justifying a repair/replace (R/R) management strategy for these populations, and the rational basis for it, are increasingly important.

Performance of Newer Breakers Based on Time to First Corrective Maintenance

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Figure 2-1 shows Kaplan-Meier plots of the time to first CM for two specific breaker families; The colors mark the performance of these families at five different utilities. The populations of the different families vary among the utilities. The plots illustrate the different maintenance requirements of the families and reveal another insight: the performance of these families over this observation period is independent of the utility in which they are installed. It is quite reasonable to say that the circuit breaker performance in regard to need for maintenance in the first ten years is independent of how the breaker is used or maintained at a utility. In other words, it is an intrinsic characteristic of the breaker design. As shown in Figure 2-1, breaker families tend to behave similarly for first corrective maintenance (CM) requirements for younger breakers (< 10 years) at multiple utilities. The figure also shows that the spring breakers have a shallower slope than the hydraulic breakers. This indicates the hydraulic mechanisms require earlier CM compared to the spring breakers. Similar plots can be created for all the gas breakers, or families can be compared across utilities for benchmarking purposes.

Chapter 4 - Concrete Foundations

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Contributing Author

Neal Murray

Sr. Project Manager Overhead Transmission Power Delivery and Utilization

Phone: 704.595.2624

nmurray@epri.com

Neal Murray is a Sr. Project Manager in the Overhead Transmission program area of the Power Delivery and Utilization Sector. His current research activities focus on atmospheric and subgrade corrosion within transmission, distribution, and substations.

Before joining EPRI in 2007, Mr. Murray worked at Osmose Utilities Services as a Corrosion Program Manager and corrosion specialist. He has been a Systems Engineer for three aerospace companies in the development of liquid propulsion engines for heavy lift vehicles and satellite control systems. His field of specialty is corrosion on transmission and distribution structures and he has more than 25 years of experience in corrosion control, product development, and management.

Chapter 4 - Forensic Analysis of Failures

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Contributing Authors

Ron Carrington Executive Vice President/Senior Project Manager POWER Engineers, Inc.

Phone: 970.226.3706

Email: rcarrington@powereng.com

Ron Carrington has a B.S. in Civil Engineering from the University of Colorado. Mr. Carrington has 42 years of experience in overhead and underground transmission line engineering and transmission project management, the first eight years as a transmission project engineer at Xcel Energy and the past 34 years as a consulting engineer.

He currently is an Executive Vice President in Power Delivery and is Chair of POWER’s Board of Directors. He is also project manager for several interstate transmission projects. Over the past 42 years, he has been responsible for hundreds of miles of transmission lines, ranging from 69 kV to 500 kV, and for more than 20 years has investigated numerous transmission line failures throughout the U.S. Mr. Carrington is a member of IEEE and ASCE and is a Registered Professional Engineer. Mr. Carrington is a member of the Committee on Forensic Practices of the American Society of Civil Engineers Technical Council on Forensic Engineering.

Chapter 4 - Infrared Inspection of Overhead Transmission Lines

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Contributing Authors

Raymond Ferraro Program Manager Transmission/Substations

Power Delivery & Utilization Phone: 704.595.2850

rferraro@epri.com

Raymond Ferraro is a Program Manager in the Transmission/Substations area in the Power Delivery & Utilization Sector of the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). His current research responsibilities include overhead transmission line inspection, assessment and asset management, live working associated with overhead transmission lines, and high-voltage testing on advanced overhead line designs. An area of past research includes mechanical forces in substations.

Chapter 4 - Maintenance and Power Delivery Asset Management

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

The previous chapters introduced the fundamental concepts of PDAM. This chapter will expand the explanation of the integration of maintenance within PDAM.

The Core Maintenance Concept

Based on the principles of PDAM, the overriding purpose of a maintenance process is to support the goals and objectives of the senior management or asset owner. Many maintenance programs are purely equipment-focused. That is, they are designed only around the requirements of the equipment without reference to the larger perspective of how the equipment’s performance can best support all of the organization’s objectives. This narrow focus often puts maintenance programs at a disadvantage when competing for limited resources.

Maintenance Work Order Classification

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

The preceding examples used only the count of corrective maintenance work orders. Additional insights can be gained from understanding the specific maintenance done under each work order. Classification of corrective maintenance work orders into meaningful categories serves to more precisely associate breakers to the maintenance they have required. The EPRI maintenance template includes breaker work order classifications in four high-level categories as shown in Figure 2-4.

“Gas Calls” include work addressing gas containment subsystems
“Mechanism” covers work addressing mechanism components
“Others” encompasses all other work orders addressing circuit breaker functional failures
“CM Not Specified” denotes work orders with not enough information to classify

Extracting useful information from the work order descriptions and assigning them into meaningful bins is time and labor-intensive. EPRI is evaluating the use of Natural Language Processing as a means to make the process more efficient. See Applying Advanced Analytics to Improve Substation Asset Management and Maintenance: Assessing and Applying Natural Language Processing To Analyze Unstructured Text Records. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA: 2021.3002021202.

Pedestrian Barrier Solutions - Performed by Safeguards Consulting

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Privacy Fence

Company Name	Company Location (City, State)	Company Product Name	Product Website (Web Link Directly To The Product)	MSRP-LF	Barrier Type	Permanent/Temporary	Installed Height	Ballistic Rating (If Applicable)
Betafence	Essex, United Kingdom	DECOFOR	https://www.betafence.com/en/decofor		Decorative Steel	Permanent	886, 1086, 1286, and 1486 mm at the middle of the panel	N/A
King Cats	Province, China	WELDED DECO WIRE FENCE	https://www.kingcats-fence.com/kingcats-portfolio/welded-deco-wire-fence/		Decorative Steel	Permanent	Height from the middle of the panel: 886, 1086, 1286, and 1486 mm	N/A

Chain Link

Company Name	Company Location (City, State)	Company Product Name	Product Website (Web Link Directly To The Product)	MSRP-LF	Barrier Type	Permanent/Temporary	Installed Height	Ballistic Rating (If Applicable)
Betafence	Essex, United Kingdom	DECOFOR	https://www.betafence.com/en/decofor		Decorative Steel	Permanent	886, 1086, 1286, and 1486 mm at the middle of the panel	N/A
King Cats	Province, China	WELDED DECO WIRE FENCE	https://www.kingcats-fence.com/kingcats-portfolio/welded-deco-wire-fence/		Decorative Steel	Permanent	Height from the middle of the panel: 886, 1086, 1286, and 1486 mm	N/A

Ornamental

Company Name	Company Location (City, State)	Company Product Name	Product Website (Web Link Directly To The Product)	Barrier Type	Permanent/Temporary	Installed Height	Ballistic Rating (If Applicable)
Assa Abloy Group	Stockholm, Sweden	GalvOnAll	https://www.ameristarperimeter.com/us/en/products/related-materials/galvonall	Chain Link	Permanent	dependant upon specifications	N/A
ARX Perimeters	Burr Ridge, Illinois	Fence Box	https://arxperimeters.com/products/fence-box/	Chain Link	Temporary	Fence 164’ long x 6.7’ tall.	N/A
Betafence	Essex, United Kingdom	PLASITOR	https://www.betafence.com/en/plasitor	Chain Link	Permanent	Total height fence: 1000, 1250, 1500, 1800, and 2000 mm	N/A
King Cats	Province, China	CHAINLINK FENCE	https://www.kingcats-fence.com/kingcats-portfolio/chainlink-fence/	Chain Link	Permanent	1000, 1250, 1500, 1800, and 2000 mm	N/A
Perimeter Security Solutions	Chicago, Illinois	IFI-9 Severe Cut	https://perimetersecuritysolutions.com/barrier-systems/ifi9/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A
Perimeter Security Solutions	Chicago, Illinois	IFI-6 Extreme Cut	https://perimetersecuritysolutions.com/barrier-systems/ifi6/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A
Perimeter Security Solutions	Chicago, Illinois	Chain Link	https://perimetersecuritysolutions.com/barrier-systems/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A (Custom Chain Link)	N/A
Sloan Security Group	Boise, Idaho	Prison Fencing	https://www.sloansg.com/security-fences	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A
Vanquish Fencing	Morrisville, Pennsylvania	THE LINKER MODEL	https://vanquishfencing.com/the-linker-model/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A

Decorative Steel

Company Name	Company Location (City, State)	Company Product Name	Product Website (Web Link Directly To The Product)	Barrier Type	Permanent/Temporary	Installed Height	Ballistic Rating (If Applicable)
Assa Abloy Group	Stockholm, Sweden	GalvOnAll	https://www.ameristarperimeter.com/us/en/products/related-materials/galvonall	Chain Link	Permanent	dependant upon specifications	N/A
ARX Perimeters	Burr Ridge, Illinois	Fence Box	https://arxperimeters.com/products/fence-box/	Chain Link	Temporary	Fence 164’ long x 6.7’ tall.	N/A
Betafence	Essex, United Kingdom	PLASITOR	https://www.betafence.com/en/plasitor	Chain Link	Permanent	Total height fence: 1000, 1250, 1500, 1800, and 2000 mm	N/A
King Cats	Province, China	CHAINLINK FENCE	https://www.kingcats-fence.com/kingcats-portfolio/chainlink-fence/	Chain Link	Permanent	1000, 1250, 1500, 1800, and 2000 mm	N/A
Perimeter Security Solutions	Chicago, Illinois	IFI-9 Severe Cut	https://perimetersecuritysolutions.com/barrier-systems/ifi9/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A
Perimeter Security Solutions	Chicago, Illinois	IFI-6 Extreme Cut	https://perimetersecuritysolutions.com/barrier-systems/ifi6/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A
Perimeter Security Solutions	Chicago, Illinois	Chain Link	https://perimetersecuritysolutions.com/barrier-systems/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A (Custom Chain Link)	N/A
Sloan Security Group	Boise, Idaho	Prison Fencing	https://www.sloansg.com/security-fences	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A
Vanquish Fencing	Morrisville, Pennsylvania	THE LINKER MODEL	https://vanquishfencing.com/the-linker-model/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A

Palisade

Company Name	Company Location (City, State)	Company Product Name	Product Website (Web Link Directly To The Product)	Barrier Type	Permanent/Temporary	Installed Height	Ballistic Rating (If Applicable)
Assa Abloy Group	Stockholm, Sweden	GalvOnAll	https://www.ameristarperimeter.com/us/en/products/related-materials/galvonall	Chain Link	Permanent	dependant upon specifications	N/A
ARX Perimeters	Burr Ridge, Illinois	Fence Box	https://arxperimeters.com/products/fence-box/	Chain Link	Temporary	Fence 164’ long x 6.7’ tall.	N/A
Betafence	Essex, United Kingdom	PLASITOR	https://www.betafence.com/en/plasitor	Chain Link	Permanent	Total height fence: 1000, 1250, 1500, 1800, and 2000 mm	N/A
King Cats	Province, China	CHAINLINK FENCE	https://www.kingcats-fence.com/kingcats-portfolio/chainlink-fence/	Chain Link	Permanent	1000, 1250, 1500, 1800, and 2000 mm	N/A
Perimeter Security Solutions	Chicago, Illinois	IFI-9 Severe Cut	https://perimetersecuritysolutions.com/barrier-systems/ifi9/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A
Perimeter Security Solutions	Chicago, Illinois	IFI-6 Extreme Cut	https://perimetersecuritysolutions.com/barrier-systems/ifi6/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A
Perimeter Security Solutions	Chicago, Illinois	Chain Link	https://perimetersecuritysolutions.com/barrier-systems/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A (Custom Chain Link)	N/A
Sloan Security Group	Boise, Idaho	Prison Fencing	https://www.sloansg.com/security-fences	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A
Vanquish Fencing	Morrisville, Pennsylvania	THE LINKER MODEL	https://vanquishfencing.com/the-linker-model/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A

Welded Wire Mesh

Company Name	Company Location (City, State)	Company Product Name	Product Website (Web Link Directly To The Product)	Barrier Type	Permanent/Temporary	Installed Height	Ballistic Rating (If Applicable)
Assa Abloy Group	Stockholm, Sweden	GalvOnAll	https://www.ameristarperimeter.com/us/en/products/related-materials/galvonall	Chain Link	Permanent	dependant upon specifications	N/A
ARX Perimeters	Burr Ridge, Illinois	Fence Box	https://arxperimeters.com/products/fence-box/	Chain Link	Temporary	Fence 164’ long x 6.7’ tall.	N/A
Betafence	Essex, United Kingdom	PLASITOR	https://www.betafence.com/en/plasitor	Chain Link	Permanent	Total height fence: 1000, 1250, 1500, 1800, and 2000 mm	N/A
King Cats	Province, China	CHAINLINK FENCE	https://www.kingcats-fence.com/kingcats-portfolio/chainlink-fence/	Chain Link	Permanent	1000, 1250, 1500, 1800, and 2000 mm	N/A
Perimeter Security Solutions	Chicago, Illinois	IFI-9 Severe Cut	https://perimetersecuritysolutions.com/barrier-systems/ifi9/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A
Perimeter Security Solutions	Chicago, Illinois	IFI-6 Extreme Cut	https://perimetersecuritysolutions.com/barrier-systems/ifi6/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A
Perimeter Security Solutions	Chicago, Illinois	Chain Link	https://perimetersecuritysolutions.com/barrier-systems/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A (Custom Chain Link)	N/A
Sloan Security Group	Boise, Idaho	Prison Fencing	https://www.sloansg.com/security-fences	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A
Vanquish Fencing	Morrisville, Pennsylvania	THE LINKER MODEL	https://vanquishfencing.com/the-linker-model/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A

Perforated Aluminum

Company Name	Company Location (City, State)	Company Product Name	Product Website (Web Link Directly To The Product)	Barrier Type	Permanent/Temporary	Installed Height	Ballistic Rating (If Applicable)
Assa Abloy Group	Stockholm, Sweden	GalvOnAll	https://www.ameristarperimeter.com/us/en/products/related-materials/galvonall	Chain Link	Permanent	dependant upon specifications	N/A
ARX Perimeters	Burr Ridge, Illinois	Fence Box	https://arxperimeters.com/products/fence-box/	Chain Link	Temporary	Fence 164’ long x 6.7’ tall.	N/A
Betafence	Essex, United Kingdom	PLASITOR	https://www.betafence.com/en/plasitor	Chain Link	Permanent	Total height fence: 1000, 1250, 1500, 1800, and 2000 mm	N/A
King Cats	Province, China	CHAINLINK FENCE	https://www.kingcats-fence.com/kingcats-portfolio/chainlink-fence/	Chain Link	Permanent	1000, 1250, 1500, 1800, and 2000 mm	N/A
Perimeter Security Solutions	Chicago, Illinois	IFI-9 Severe Cut	https://perimetersecuritysolutions.com/barrier-systems/ifi9/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A
Perimeter Security Solutions	Chicago, Illinois	IFI-6 Extreme Cut	https://perimetersecuritysolutions.com/barrier-systems/ifi6/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A
Perimeter Security Solutions	Chicago, Illinois	Chain Link	https://perimetersecuritysolutions.com/barrier-systems/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A (Custom Chain Link)	N/A
Sloan Security Group	Boise, Idaho	Prison Fencing	https://www.sloansg.com/security-fences	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A
Vanquish Fencing	Morrisville, Pennsylvania	THE LINKER MODEL	https://vanquishfencing.com/the-linker-model/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A

Louvered Steel

Company Name	Company Location (City, State)	Company Product Name	Product Website (Web Link Directly To The Product)	Barrier Type	Permanent/Temporary	Installed Height	Ballistic Rating (If Applicable)
Assa Abloy Group	Stockholm, Sweden	GalvOnAll	https://www.ameristarperimeter.com/us/en/products/related-materials/galvonall	Chain Link	Permanent	dependant upon specifications	N/A
ARX Perimeters	Burr Ridge, Illinois	Fence Box	https://arxperimeters.com/products/fence-box/	Chain Link	Temporary	Fence 164’ long x 6.7’ tall.	N/A
Betafence	Essex, United Kingdom	PLASITOR	https://www.betafence.com/en/plasitor	Chain Link	Permanent	Total height fence: 1000, 1250, 1500, 1800, and 2000 mm	N/A
King Cats	Province, China	CHAINLINK FENCE	https://www.kingcats-fence.com/kingcats-portfolio/chainlink-fence/	Chain Link	Permanent	1000, 1250, 1500, 1800, and 2000 mm	N/A
Perimeter Security Solutions	Chicago, Illinois	IFI-9 Severe Cut	https://perimetersecuritysolutions.com/barrier-systems/ifi9/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A
Perimeter Security Solutions	Chicago, Illinois	IFI-6 Extreme Cut	https://perimetersecuritysolutions.com/barrier-systems/ifi6/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A
Perimeter Security Solutions	Chicago, Illinois	Chain Link	https://perimetersecuritysolutions.com/barrier-systems/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A (Custom Chain Link)	N/A
Sloan Security Group	Boise, Idaho	Prison Fencing	https://www.sloansg.com/security-fences	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A
Vanquish Fencing	Morrisville, Pennsylvania	THE LINKER MODEL	https://vanquishfencing.com/the-linker-model/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A

Expanded Metal

Company Name	Company Location (City, State)	Company Product Name	Product Website (Web Link Directly To The Product)	Barrier Type	Permanent/Temporary	Installed Height	Ballistic Rating (If Applicable)
Assa Abloy Group	Stockholm, Sweden	GalvOnAll	https://www.ameristarperimeter.com/us/en/products/related-materials/galvonall	Chain Link	Permanent	dependant upon specifications	N/A
ARX Perimeters	Burr Ridge, Illinois	Fence Box	https://arxperimeters.com/products/fence-box/	Chain Link	Temporary	Fence 164’ long x 6.7’ tall.	N/A
Betafence	Essex, United Kingdom	PLASITOR	https://www.betafence.com/en/plasitor	Chain Link	Permanent	Total height fence: 1000, 1250, 1500, 1800, and 2000 mm	N/A
King Cats	Province, China	CHAINLINK FENCE	https://www.kingcats-fence.com/kingcats-portfolio/chainlink-fence/	Chain Link	Permanent	1000, 1250, 1500, 1800, and 2000 mm	N/A
Perimeter Security Solutions	Chicago, Illinois	IFI-9 Severe Cut	https://perimetersecuritysolutions.com/barrier-systems/ifi9/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A
Perimeter Security Solutions	Chicago, Illinois	IFI-6 Extreme Cut	https://perimetersecuritysolutions.com/barrier-systems/ifi6/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A
Perimeter Security Solutions	Chicago, Illinois	Chain Link	https://perimetersecuritysolutions.com/barrier-systems/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A (Custom Chain Link)	N/A
Sloan Security Group	Boise, Idaho	Prison Fencing	https://www.sloansg.com/security-fences	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A
Vanquish Fencing	Morrisville, Pennsylvania	THE LINKER MODEL	https://vanquishfencing.com/the-linker-model/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A

Bar Grating

Company Name	Company Location (City, State)	Company Product Name	Product Website (Web Link Directly To The Product)	Barrier Type	Permanent/Temporary	Installed Height	Ballistic Rating (If Applicable)
Assa Abloy Group	Stockholm, Sweden	GalvOnAll	https://www.ameristarperimeter.com/us/en/products/related-materials/galvonall	Chain Link	Permanent	dependant upon specifications	N/A
ARX Perimeters	Burr Ridge, Illinois	Fence Box	https://arxperimeters.com/products/fence-box/	Chain Link	Temporary	Fence 164’ long x 6.7’ tall.	N/A
Betafence	Essex, United Kingdom	PLASITOR	https://www.betafence.com/en/plasitor	Chain Link	Permanent	Total height fence: 1000, 1250, 1500, 1800, and 2000 mm	N/A
King Cats	Province, China	CHAINLINK FENCE	https://www.kingcats-fence.com/kingcats-portfolio/chainlink-fence/	Chain Link	Permanent	1000, 1250, 1500, 1800, and 2000 mm	N/A
Perimeter Security Solutions	Chicago, Illinois	IFI-9 Severe Cut	https://perimetersecuritysolutions.com/barrier-systems/ifi9/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A
Perimeter Security Solutions	Chicago, Illinois	IFI-6 Extreme Cut	https://perimetersecuritysolutions.com/barrier-systems/ifi6/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A
Perimeter Security Solutions	Chicago, Illinois	Chain Link	https://perimetersecuritysolutions.com/barrier-systems/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A (Custom Chain Link)	N/A
Sloan Security Group	Boise, Idaho	Prison Fencing	https://www.sloansg.com/security-fences	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A
Vanquish Fencing	Morrisville, Pennsylvania	THE LINKER MODEL	https://vanquishfencing.com/the-linker-model/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A

Non-Conductive Mesh

Company Name	Company Location (City, State)	Company Product Name	Product Website (Web Link Directly To The Product)	Barrier Type	Permanent/Temporary	Installed Height	Ballistic Rating (If Applicable)
Assa Abloy Group	Stockholm, Sweden	GalvOnAll	https://www.ameristarperimeter.com/us/en/products/related-materials/galvonall	Chain Link	Permanent	dependant upon specifications	N/A
ARX Perimeters	Burr Ridge, Illinois	Fence Box	https://arxperimeters.com/products/fence-box/	Chain Link	Temporary	Fence 164’ long x 6.7’ tall.	N/A
Betafence	Essex, United Kingdom	PLASITOR	https://www.betafence.com/en/plasitor	Chain Link	Permanent	Total height fence: 1000, 1250, 1500, 1800, and 2000 mm	N/A
King Cats	Province, China	CHAINLINK FENCE	https://www.kingcats-fence.com/kingcats-portfolio/chainlink-fence/	Chain Link	Permanent	1000, 1250, 1500, 1800, and 2000 mm	N/A
Perimeter Security Solutions	Chicago, Illinois	IFI-9 Severe Cut	https://perimetersecuritysolutions.com/barrier-systems/ifi9/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A
Perimeter Security Solutions	Chicago, Illinois	IFI-6 Extreme Cut	https://perimetersecuritysolutions.com/barrier-systems/ifi6/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A
Perimeter Security Solutions	Chicago, Illinois	Chain Link	https://perimetersecuritysolutions.com/barrier-systems/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A (Custom Chain Link)	N/A
Sloan Security Group	Boise, Idaho	Prison Fencing	https://www.sloansg.com/security-fences	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A
Vanquish Fencing	Morrisville, Pennsylvania	THE LINKER MODEL	https://vanquishfencing.com/the-linker-model/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A

Isolation Wall

Company Name	Company Location (City, State)	Company Product Name	Product Website (Web Link Directly To The Product)	Barrier Type	Permanent/Temporary	Installed Height	Ballistic Rating (If Applicable)
Assa Abloy Group	Stockholm, Sweden	GalvOnAll	https://www.ameristarperimeter.com/us/en/products/related-materials/galvonall	Chain Link	Permanent	dependant upon specifications	N/A
ARX Perimeters	Burr Ridge, Illinois	Fence Box	https://arxperimeters.com/products/fence-box/	Chain Link	Temporary	Fence 164’ long x 6.7’ tall.	N/A
Betafence	Essex, United Kingdom	PLASITOR	https://www.betafence.com/en/plasitor	Chain Link	Permanent	Total height fence: 1000, 1250, 1500, 1800, and 2000 mm	N/A
King Cats	Province, China	CHAINLINK FENCE	https://www.kingcats-fence.com/kingcats-portfolio/chainlink-fence/	Chain Link	Permanent	1000, 1250, 1500, 1800, and 2000 mm	N/A
Perimeter Security Solutions	Chicago, Illinois	IFI-9 Severe Cut	https://perimetersecuritysolutions.com/barrier-systems/ifi9/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A
Perimeter Security Solutions	Chicago, Illinois	IFI-6 Extreme Cut	https://perimetersecuritysolutions.com/barrier-systems/ifi6/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A
Perimeter Security Solutions	Chicago, Illinois	Chain Link	https://perimetersecuritysolutions.com/barrier-systems/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A (Custom Chain Link)	N/A
Sloan Security Group	Boise, Idaho	Prison Fencing	https://www.sloansg.com/security-fences	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A
Vanquish Fencing	Morrisville, Pennsylvania	THE LINKER MODEL	https://vanquishfencing.com/the-linker-model/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A

Gabion Wall

Company Name	Company Location (City, State)	Company Product Name	Product Website (Web Link Directly To The Product)	Barrier Type	Permanent/Temporary	Installed Height	Ballistic Rating (If Applicable)
Assa Abloy Group	Stockholm, Sweden	GalvOnAll	https://www.ameristarperimeter.com/us/en/products/related-materials/galvonall	Chain Link	Permanent	dependant upon specifications	N/A
ARX Perimeters	Burr Ridge, Illinois	Fence Box	https://arxperimeters.com/products/fence-box/	Chain Link	Temporary	Fence 164’ long x 6.7’ tall.	N/A
Betafence	Essex, United Kingdom	PLASITOR	https://www.betafence.com/en/plasitor	Chain Link	Permanent	Total height fence: 1000, 1250, 1500, 1800, and 2000 mm	N/A
King Cats	Province, China	CHAINLINK FENCE	https://www.kingcats-fence.com/kingcats-portfolio/chainlink-fence/	Chain Link	Permanent	1000, 1250, 1500, 1800, and 2000 mm	N/A
Perimeter Security Solutions	Chicago, Illinois	IFI-9 Severe Cut	https://perimetersecuritysolutions.com/barrier-systems/ifi9/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A
Perimeter Security Solutions	Chicago, Illinois	IFI-6 Extreme Cut	https://perimetersecuritysolutions.com/barrier-systems/ifi6/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A
Perimeter Security Solutions	Chicago, Illinois	Chain Link	https://perimetersecuritysolutions.com/barrier-systems/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A (Custom Chain Link)	N/A
Sloan Security Group	Boise, Idaho	Prison Fencing	https://www.sloansg.com/security-fences	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A
Vanquish Fencing	Morrisville, Pennsylvania	THE LINKER MODEL	https://vanquishfencing.com/the-linker-model/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A

Riot Fence

Company Name	Company Location (City, State)	Company Product Name	Product Website (Web Link Directly To The Product)	Barrier Type	Permanent/Temporary	Installed Height	Ballistic Rating (If Applicable)
Assa Abloy Group	Stockholm, Sweden	GalvOnAll	https://www.ameristarperimeter.com/us/en/products/related-materials/galvonall	Chain Link	Permanent	dependant upon specifications	N/A
ARX Perimeters	Burr Ridge, Illinois	Fence Box	https://arxperimeters.com/products/fence-box/	Chain Link	Temporary	Fence 164’ long x 6.7’ tall.	N/A
Betafence	Essex, United Kingdom	PLASITOR	https://www.betafence.com/en/plasitor	Chain Link	Permanent	Total height fence: 1000, 1250, 1500, 1800, and 2000 mm	N/A
King Cats	Province, China	CHAINLINK FENCE	https://www.kingcats-fence.com/kingcats-portfolio/chainlink-fence/	Chain Link	Permanent	1000, 1250, 1500, 1800, and 2000 mm	N/A
Perimeter Security Solutions	Chicago, Illinois	IFI-9 Severe Cut	https://perimetersecuritysolutions.com/barrier-systems/ifi9/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A
Perimeter Security Solutions	Chicago, Illinois	IFI-6 Extreme Cut	https://perimetersecuritysolutions.com/barrier-systems/ifi6/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A
Perimeter Security Solutions	Chicago, Illinois	Chain Link	https://perimetersecuritysolutions.com/barrier-systems/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A (Custom Chain Link)	N/A
Sloan Security Group	Boise, Idaho	Prison Fencing	https://www.sloansg.com/security-fences	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A
Vanquish Fencing	Morrisville, Pennsylvania	THE LINKER MODEL	https://vanquishfencing.com/the-linker-model/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A

Concrete Wall

Company Name	Company Location (City, State)	Company Product Name	Product Website (Web Link Directly To The Product)	Barrier Type	Permanent/Temporary	Installed Height	Ballistic Rating (If Applicable)
Assa Abloy Group	Stockholm, Sweden	GalvOnAll	https://www.ameristarperimeter.com/us/en/products/related-materials/galvonall	Chain Link	Permanent	dependant upon specifications	N/A
ARX Perimeters	Burr Ridge, Illinois	Fence Box	https://arxperimeters.com/products/fence-box/	Chain Link	Temporary	Fence 164’ long x 6.7’ tall.	N/A
Betafence	Essex, United Kingdom	PLASITOR	https://www.betafence.com/en/plasitor	Chain Link	Permanent	Total height fence: 1000, 1250, 1500, 1800, and 2000 mm	N/A
King Cats	Province, China	CHAINLINK FENCE	https://www.kingcats-fence.com/kingcats-portfolio/chainlink-fence/	Chain Link	Permanent	1000, 1250, 1500, 1800, and 2000 mm	N/A
Perimeter Security Solutions	Chicago, Illinois	IFI-9 Severe Cut	https://perimetersecuritysolutions.com/barrier-systems/ifi9/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A
Perimeter Security Solutions	Chicago, Illinois	IFI-6 Extreme Cut	https://perimetersecuritysolutions.com/barrier-systems/ifi6/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A
Perimeter Security Solutions	Chicago, Illinois	Chain Link	https://perimetersecuritysolutions.com/barrier-systems/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A (Custom Chain Link)	N/A
Sloan Security Group	Boise, Idaho	Prison Fencing	https://www.sloansg.com/security-fences	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A
Vanquish Fencing	Morrisville, Pennsylvania	THE LINKER MODEL	https://vanquishfencing.com/the-linker-model/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A

Aluminum / Concrete Noise Barrier Wall

Company Name	Company Location (City, State)	Company Product Name	Product Website (Web Link Directly To The Product)	Barrier Type	Permanent/Temporary	Installed Height	Ballistic Rating (If Applicable)
Assa Abloy Group	Stockholm, Sweden	GalvOnAll	https://www.ameristarperimeter.com/us/en/products/related-materials/galvonall	Chain Link	Permanent	dependant upon specifications	N/A
ARX Perimeters	Burr Ridge, Illinois	Fence Box	https://arxperimeters.com/products/fence-box/	Chain Link	Temporary	Fence 164’ long x 6.7’ tall.	N/A
Betafence	Essex, United Kingdom	PLASITOR	https://www.betafence.com/en/plasitor	Chain Link	Permanent	Total height fence: 1000, 1250, 1500, 1800, and 2000 mm	N/A
King Cats	Province, China	CHAINLINK FENCE	https://www.kingcats-fence.com/kingcats-portfolio/chainlink-fence/	Chain Link	Permanent	1000, 1250, 1500, 1800, and 2000 mm	N/A
Perimeter Security Solutions	Chicago, Illinois	IFI-9 Severe Cut	https://perimetersecuritysolutions.com/barrier-systems/ifi9/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A
Perimeter Security Solutions	Chicago, Illinois	IFI-6 Extreme Cut	https://perimetersecuritysolutions.com/barrier-systems/ifi6/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A
Perimeter Security Solutions	Chicago, Illinois	Chain Link	https://perimetersecuritysolutions.com/barrier-systems/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A (Custom Chain Link)	N/A
Sloan Security Group	Boise, Idaho	Prison Fencing	https://www.sloansg.com/security-fences	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A
Vanquish Fencing	Morrisville, Pennsylvania	THE LINKER MODEL	https://vanquishfencing.com/the-linker-model/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A

Ballistic Blocks

Company Name	Company Location (City, State)	Company Product Name	Product Website (Web Link Directly To The Product)	Barrier Type	Permanent/Temporary	Installed Height	Ballistic Rating (If Applicable)
Assa Abloy Group	Stockholm, Sweden	GalvOnAll	https://www.ameristarperimeter.com/us/en/products/related-materials/galvonall	Chain Link	Permanent	dependant upon specifications	N/A
ARX Perimeters	Burr Ridge, Illinois	Fence Box	https://arxperimeters.com/products/fence-box/	Chain Link	Temporary	Fence 164’ long x 6.7’ tall.	N/A
Betafence	Essex, United Kingdom	PLASITOR	https://www.betafence.com/en/plasitor	Chain Link	Permanent	Total height fence: 1000, 1250, 1500, 1800, and 2000 mm	N/A
King Cats	Province, China	CHAINLINK FENCE	https://www.kingcats-fence.com/kingcats-portfolio/chainlink-fence/	Chain Link	Permanent	1000, 1250, 1500, 1800, and 2000 mm	N/A
Perimeter Security Solutions	Chicago, Illinois	IFI-9 Severe Cut	https://perimetersecuritysolutions.com/barrier-systems/ifi9/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A
Perimeter Security Solutions	Chicago, Illinois	IFI-6 Extreme Cut	https://perimetersecuritysolutions.com/barrier-systems/ifi6/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A
Perimeter Security Solutions	Chicago, Illinois	Chain Link	https://perimetersecuritysolutions.com/barrier-systems/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A (Custom Chain Link)	N/A
Sloan Security Group	Boise, Idaho	Prison Fencing	https://www.sloansg.com/security-fences	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A
Vanquish Fencing	Morrisville, Pennsylvania	THE LINKER MODEL	https://vanquishfencing.com/the-linker-model/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A

Ballistic Panel

Company Name	Company Location (City, State)	Company Product Name	Product Website (Web Link Directly To The Product)	Barrier Type	Permanent/Temporary	Installed Height	Ballistic Rating (If Applicable)
Assa Abloy Group	Stockholm, Sweden	GalvOnAll	https://www.ameristarperimeter.com/us/en/products/related-materials/galvonall	Chain Link	Permanent	dependant upon specifications	N/A
ARX Perimeters	Burr Ridge, Illinois	Fence Box	https://arxperimeters.com/products/fence-box/	Chain Link	Temporary	Fence 164’ long x 6.7’ tall.	N/A
Betafence	Essex, United Kingdom	PLASITOR	https://www.betafence.com/en/plasitor	Chain Link	Permanent	Total height fence: 1000, 1250, 1500, 1800, and 2000 mm	N/A
King Cats	Province, China	CHAINLINK FENCE	https://www.kingcats-fence.com/kingcats-portfolio/chainlink-fence/	Chain Link	Permanent	1000, 1250, 1500, 1800, and 2000 mm	N/A
Perimeter Security Solutions	Chicago, Illinois	IFI-9 Severe Cut	https://perimetersecuritysolutions.com/barrier-systems/ifi9/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A
Perimeter Security Solutions	Chicago, Illinois	IFI-6 Extreme Cut	https://perimetersecuritysolutions.com/barrier-systems/ifi6/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A
Perimeter Security Solutions	Chicago, Illinois	Chain Link	https://perimetersecuritysolutions.com/barrier-systems/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A (Custom Chain Link)	N/A
Sloan Security Group	Boise, Idaho	Prison Fencing	https://www.sloansg.com/security-fences	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A
Vanquish Fencing	Morrisville, Pennsylvania	THE LINKER MODEL	https://vanquishfencing.com/the-linker-model/	Chain Link	Permanent	N/A	N/A

Porcelain Disc Insulators

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Pin Corrosion

Rating	Observation	Action
B	Loss of galvanization—initial stages of corrosion	Monitor for further damage
C (not shown)	Section loss and corrosion by-products	Consider removal
D	Advanced stage of “necking down”; loss of cross-sectional area and subsequent loss of mechanical strength	Remove insulator from service

What You See:

Loss of galvanization, corrosion (rust), and corrosion by-product on the pin

Chapter 5 - Daytime Discharge Inspection of Overhead Transmission Lines

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Contributing Authors

Fabio Bologna

Senior Project Manager: Transmission Power Delivery and Markets Group Phone: 704.595.2090

fbologna@epri.com

Fabio Bologna is a senior project manager in the Power Delivery and Utilization Sector at the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) in Charlotte, North Carolina, USA. His responsibilities are mainly in the Overhead Transmission Program with special interest in insulators, lightning and grounding, and daytime ultraviolet imaging. Mr. Bologna joined the Institute in November 2006.

Chapter 5 - Standardized Nomenclature and Component Condition Rating

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

5.1 STANDARD NOMENCLATURE

In the absence of a defined set of nomenclature for components, component assemblies, defects, and recommended actions, inspection teams (even within the same utility) will provide varying descriptions and recommendations in response to similar observations. Tracking the deterioration of transmission line components provides an avenue for developing or optimizing preventive maintenance programs. Consistent reporting of component, defect type, and defect extent are vital requirements of any maintenance program, regardless of how the data will ultimately be used. Use of consistent nomenclature and defect ratings facilitates evaluations of the frequency, extent, and progression of line defects that in turn can provide the basis for prioritizing required maintenance. Examples of standardized nomenclature and terminology are provided for:

Chapter 5 - Composite Poles

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

5.1 INTRODUCTION

Transmission line owners have a variety of options when designing, upgrading, or maintaining their system. Transmission poles may be made of steel, iron, various species of wood, concrete, or composite materials. Each material has specific benefits and drawbacks based on the conditions at the right of way. A strong but heavy material may be expensive to get into rugged terrain. An inexpensive material may not have adequate corrosion or moisture resistance for wetland applications. For every design challenge there are optimal and suboptimal solutions. In recent years utilities have been discovering, for specific cases, poles made of fiberglass reinforced polymer (FRP) can be an optimal solution. The word “composite’ is often used interchangeably with FRP, although it can include other types of fiber used for the matrix reinforcement. However, 100% of composite utility structures utilize glass fiber reinforcement due to its most efficient cost vs performance benefits, and references to composites in this chapter refer solely to glass fiber reinforced polymers.

Glass Disc Insulators

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Pin Corrosion

Rating	Observation	Action
B	Loss of galvanization—initial stages of corrosion	Monitor for further damage
C	Section loss and corrosion by-products	Consider removal
D	Advanced stage of “necking down”; loss of cross-sectional area and subsequent loss of mechanical strength	Remove insulator from service

What You See:

Loss of galvanization, corrosion (rust), and corrosion by-product on the pin

Chapter 5 - Performance Measures

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

In a PDAM approach, decisions to allocate resources are based on policy goals and objectives and the resources required to obtain those results. This includes both maintenance and replacement decisions.

Performance measures enable organizations to translate high-level policy objectives such as service reliability into quantifiable expressions of results to be achieved. They provide information by which asset managers can make tradeoffs across competing needs and measure the effectiveness of results. There are three broad classifications for PDAM performance metrics presented:

Chapter 6 - Obstruction Marking and Lighting of Transmission Structures and Lines

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Contributing Author

William (Bill) Hewitt Project Manager II, Transmission and Substations

Phone: 619.743.1214

E-mail: bhewitt@semprautilities.com

William (Bill) Hewitt has been with San Diego Gas & Electric for the past 21 years, with the last 11 in transmission departments, including Transmission Construction and Maintenance. He has held the following positions in the company: Operations & Engineering Supervisor and Transmission Engineering as an Engineer of Corrective Maintenance. For the past 7 years, Mr. Hewitt has been participating with EPRI on research to develop inspection and assessment guidelines for transmission lines. These research projects have ranged from detailing ground inspection software, aerial inspection software, inspection tools and procedures (IR cameras, Corona cameras, and insulators [NCI and ceramic]) to determining the severity of corrosion on anchor rods.

Chapter 6 - Using Unmanned Aircraft Systems for Overhead Transmission Line Inspections

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6.1 INTRODUCTION

The sheer physical size of the transmission system makes inspecting its assets challenging. Today, utilities usually use a combination of ground-based patrols and manned aircraft flights for routine and emergency response inspections. While generally accepted as the most efficient methods, these approaches are costly, time consuming, and require human involvement. Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) have the potential to improve, supplement, or even replace existing transmission inspection processes. This commercially available, yet evolving, technology promises a safer and potentially more efficient method to inspecting transmission infrastructure.

Chapter 6 - PDAM and Risk

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Background

The term “risk” has appeared often in the preceding chapters. This chapter will provide an expanded discussion of risk and risk assessment and management.

In the broadest sense, risk can be considered as a measure of the uncertainty of business performance and as such is closely tied to the organization’s performance goals. The subject of risk has been extensively studied for financial assets and is generally considered to be the risk of not achieving the expected financial return. Risk has also been studied in detail for the power generation and energy trading side of the utility business. Here the desire is to assess energy portfolio exposures to commodity markets and customer loads, evaluate overall portfolio risk in terms of cash-flow-at-risk or value-at-risk, and assist in designing portfolio risk management programs. For power delivery, risk management is not so well formalized.

Chapter 7 - Conductors

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Contributing Authors

Don Cannon

Manager, Technology Division EPRI Solutions

Phone: 816.234.8209

dcannon@eprisolutions.com

Don Cannon obtained bachelor’s and master’s degrees from the University of Tennessee in Knox ville. Mr. Cannon has worked at the EPRI Center in Haslet, Texas for 18 years. During that time, he was primarily involved in research and testing activities surrounding the mechanical and struc tural aspects of transmission line systems. Over the years, he has been active in several working groups and standards committees through his associations with ASCE, IEEE, and CIGRE.

Chapter 7 - Satellite Inspection Technology for Transmission Lines

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

7.1 INTRODUCTION

Transmission line inspection programs are performed at various levels of detail including climbing, walking, and slow and fast aerial inspections. The number of inspections performed, and the amount of transmission assets covered each year vary from utility to utility with walking and climbing performed on average every 1-4 years while aerial inspections are performed a couple times per year. These inspections are usually focused on the transmission assets; therefore, vegetation management inspections are performed on a separate cycle.

Chapter 7 - Implementing Asset Management

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction

There is no one optimum asset management implementation path. There are a wide variety of power delivery organizations, differing not only in size and type of service territory, but also in fundamental characteristics such as business unit responsibilities and ownership structure. Companies’ priorities and needs will vary. Therefore, to provide the most value to the widest audience, rather than an artificial “cookbook” formula, this chapter will present a broad implementation outline and the development of the key attributes necessary for good practice asset management – be it at the enterprise, business unit, or department level. The goal is to provide descriptive guidance and examples.

Chapter 8 - Compression Connectors for ACSR and ACSS Overhead Conductors

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Contributing Author

Raymond Ferraro

Senior Project Manager: Transmission/Substations Power Delivery and Utilization Sector

Phone: 704.595.2850

rferraro@epri.com

Raymond Ferraro is a Senior Project Manager in the Transmission/Substation Area in the Power Delivery and Utilization Sector of the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). His current research responsibilities are connected to overhead transmission line inspection, on-line infrared substation monitoring, and sensor scouting.

Prior to joining EPRI in late 2011, Mr. Ferraro was employed at Public Service Electric & Gas Company (PSE&G) in New Jersey, where he held a number of technical and management positions in such areas as Emerging Technology and Transfer, Electric Transmission Engineering, Research and Testing Laboratory, Metrology, and NERC Compliance.

Chapter 8 - Utility Example -- Transmission Substation Asset Management - A BOTTOM-UP Approach

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction

This chapter presents an example of how an electric utility in the Northeast United States developed an asset management program for transmission substations. The chapter focuses on the implementation and development of the organizational structure, people, and tools used in the program to achieve value from the organization’s assets.

Overview / History

The development of this program could be described as “bottom-up.” This is not to infer that the effort was without management support, but instead indicates that the program did not result from a top-level decision to develop asset management capabilities in a specific time using a formal roadmap. It did not start from a planned implementation of PDAM as described in preceding chapters. Instead, the development of this program was “organic,” in that it started with the formation of equipment peer teams and grew as the subject matter experts identified problems and developed solutions, and as the capabilities of the company matured. Nonetheless, the results adhere to and have many elements in common with PDAM concepts.

Chapter 9 - Grounding

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Contributing Author

C. S. Engelbrecht Engelbrecht Consulting KvK: 09171926

Catharinadaal 84

6715 KD Ede

The Netherlands

Tel/Fax: +31 (0)318 63 33 14

Mob: +31 (0)653 80 42 48

E-mail: c.s.engelbrecht@ieee.org

Christiaan S. Engelbrecht is a consultant in Insulation Coordination based in the Netherlands. His career started with ESKOM in South Africa and continued with STRI in Sweden before he joined KEMA in the Netherlands in 2003. Since September 2007, he has worked as an independent consultant. Chris has more than 15 years of international experience in the contamination design of insulators and insulation coordination studies as well as transmission line and substation ground- ing and interference analyses.

Chapter 8 - Processing Inspection Imagery

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

8.1 INTRODUCTION

8.1.1 Inspection Using Imagery

Asset inspection and analysis is a crucial task for utilities. With transmission assets spread across vast areas it is a challenge to inspect and analyze the assets for its condition and maintenance in a timely manner. With the recent advancements in high quality RGB (color) and Infrared cameras, companies are collecting and managing imagery daily. Depending on the application, whether real-time or offline, imagery can serve as a crucial point of information for predictive maintenance decision and failure assessment. In addition, drone technology allows utilities to speed up the process and enable the inspectors to determine the condition and severity of the assets. These images, however, result in large datasets. Unlike any other form of data, imagery is convenient to understand and easily interpretable by humans and until recently humans were needed to, with much effort, determine any actionable information as the images alone do not convey the necessary steps to be taken. While relying on humans to manually analyze thousands of images may yield usable results. This process can be time consuming with added overhead costs. Also, errors may occur due to human fatigue. However, for machines to interpret imagery, it is necessary to perform various processing techniques to first get it into a machine-readable format, identify patterns and translate these into a meaningful output. Hence, recent research has focused on using computers to process the massive data and automate the transmission asset inspection and analysis.

Chapter 9 - Selecting Effective Inspection and Assessment Methods and Technologies

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Contributing Author

Raymond Ferraro Program Manager Transmission/Substations

Power Delivery & Utilization Phone: 704.595.2850

rferraro@epri.com

Chapter 9 - Utility Example -- Transmission Substation Asset Management—A Top-Down Approach

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction

This chapter presents an example of how an electric utility in the Midwest United States implemented a transmission line and substation asset management program over a six-year period. The study focuses on the implementation and development of the organizational structure, people, and tools used in the program to realize value from the organization’s assets. The focus of this chapter is on substations, even though transmission line assets were included in the program. Most of the principles presented here apply to other types of assets.

Chapter 10 - Fiber-Optic Cables on Overhead Transmission Lines

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Contributing Author

Fabio Bologna

Senior Project Manager: Transmission Power Delivery and Utilization Sector Phone: 704.595.2090

fbologna@epri.com

Chapter 10 - Conclusions and Recommendations for Additional Work

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Conclusions

With the successful development and acceptance of a number of EPRI analytical tools and equipment performance databases and the increased appreciation of asset management principles for guiding power delivery organizations, it was deemed appropriate to revisit EPRI’s Power Delivery Asset Management (PDAM) Guidelines. Working with utility advisors, the objective was identifying any additions required to make certain that the latest version fully addresses current utility needs. This report documents the results of the work to produce an updated guide, and includes two utility application examples, presenting detailed descriptions of two different approaches to developing transmission substation asset management programs and some lessons learned from their implementations.

Chapter 1 - Introduction and Overview

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction to the Circuit Breaker Refrence Guide (2023 Update)

The Need for a Comprehensive Reference on Power Circuit Breakers

High-voltage circuit breakers perform essential protection and control functions on power transmission networks. A breaker’s failure to operate as required can result in equipment damage, increased system disturbance and loss of load.

Utilities have been maintaining circuit breakers reliably for many years. However, the task has grown increasingly difficult due to several factors:

Chapter 11 - Polymer Insulators Composite or Non-Ceramic Insulators (NCI)

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Contributing Author

Dr Andrew Phillips

Senior Program Manager: Transmission and Increased Power Flow Power Delivery and Markets Group

Phone: 705 595-2234

aphillip@epri.com

Dr. Andrew Phillips is a Senior Program Manager in the Transmission Lines and Increased Power Flow Research program area of the Electric Power Research Institute’s (EPRI’s) Power Delivery and Utilization Sector. His current research activities focus on the Overhead Transmission, Underground Transmission, Increased Power Flow, and HVDC (high-voltage direct current) programs. Dr. Phillips’s special areas of interest are non-ceramic insulators (NCI), lightning and grounding, inspection and assessment of components, sensor development, and daytime corona inspection.

Chapter 12 Porcelain Suspension Insulators

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Contributing Author

Fabio Bologna

Senior Project Manager: Transmission Power Delivery and Markets Group

Phone: 704.595.2090

fbologna@epri.com

Fabio Bologna is a senior project manager in the Power Delivery Group at the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) in Charlotte, North Carolina, USA. His responsibilities are mainly in the Overhead Transmission Program with special interest in insulators, lightning and grounding, and daytime ultraviolet imaging. Mr. Bologna joined the Institute in November 2006.

Site Search

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Chapter 13 - Glass Suspension Insulators

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Contributing Author

Fabio Bologna

Senior Project Manager: Transmission Power Delivery and Utilization Sector

Phone: 704.595.2090

fbologna@epri.com

Chapter 14 - Connection Hardware on Transmission Structures

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Contributing Author

Paul G. Cass, PE

Group Manager and Associate DiGioia, Gray & Associates, LLC

Phone: 412.372.4500

pcass@digioiagray.com

Mr. Cass is an Associate of DiGioia, Gray & Associates, LLC and the Manager of the Transmission Line and Substation Group. His responsibilities include the design, analysis, inspection, and assessment of transmission lines, transmission and substation structures, and their foundations.

Mr. Cass has a BS and MS from the University of Pittsburgh in Civil Engineering and has worked as a Civil/Geotechnical/Transmission Line engineering consultant for 10 years and as a Principal Engineer for Duquesne Light Company for 26 years. In addition to transmission and structure design, he was responsible for developing the standards and methods for transmission line and structure inspection, assessment, maintenance, and work management for Duquesne Light. He has authored a comprehensive manual on these standards as well as inspections. He has also contributed to EPRI projects on Life Cycle Costing to optimize transmission line design and on drilled pier design for steel pole structures.

Chapter 15 - Component Guide: Animal Deterrents for Transmission Lines

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

15.1 BACKGROUND

From the earliest days of the electrical grid, animal-caused outages have been recognized as a threat to system reliability. Animal outages are most commonly caused by faults occurring when an animal simultaneously contacts energized conductors or equipment. There are regional differences among the types of animals causing problems; common culprits include birds and climbing mammals. The direct costs associated with animal outages are difficult to estimate because most electrical providers do not have a structured approach to tracking these costs [1]. Utilities that do track animal outage costs each use a unique set of assumptions and assign costs differently, making it difficult to aggregate data from multiple utilities. A suggested (conservative) annual cost of animal outages in the United States is approximately $45 million, across distribution lines, transmission lines, and substations [1].

Chapter 16 - Overhead Transmission Line Air Break Switches

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Contributing Author

Erich P. Gnandt

Principal Engineer and President T&D High Voltage Consulting

Phone: 604.535.6936

tdhvconsult@shaw.ca

Erich Gnandt is the president of T&D High Voltage Consulting, which he started in the 1995 after working in a Canadian-based test lab and R&D company. His career activities encompass technical and project management roles related to research and development; high-voltage engineering consulting; utility equipment testing and failure analysis; utility equipment inspection and maintenance techniques; quality assurance factory and process audits; investigative studies; application guide, specification, and standard writing; and extensive technical knowledge of diagnostic test and inspection techniques with respect to all types of electrical equipment insulation (including solid, gas, liquid, composites, and porcelain).

Chapter 17 - Transmission Line Surge Arresters

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Contributing Authors

C. S. Engelbrecht

Engelbrecht Consulting KvK: 09171926 Catharinadaal 84

6715 KD Ede

The Netherlands

Tel/Fax: +31 (0)318 63 33 14

Mob: +31 (0)653 80 42 48

E-mail: c.s.engelbrecht@ieee.org

Chapter 2 - Circuit Breaker Fundamentals

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction

This chapter presents a basic introduction to power circuit breakers, including:

Interruption theory
- Operating Mechanisms
- Insulating Media
- Trouble and Failure Modes
- Life-Limiting Factors
- Specifics of Circuit Breaker Interruption
Oil circuit breakers
Air-blast circuit breakers
Air and SF₆ compressors and their associated air and gas systems

Interruption Theory

A power circuit breaker is a device for making, maintaining, and breaking (interrupting) an electrical circuit between separable contacts under both load and fault conditions.

Chapter 3 - Circuit Breaker Diagnostic testing

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction

This draft chapter describes and explains a series of diagnostic tests for circuit breakers. Diagnostic testing was selected as the first chapter to be written on the basis of input from EPRI members who identified a pressing need for better information and guidance on the efficacy of different diagnostic tests.

Tests Inlcuded

To develop the foundation for this chapter, in 2014 descriptions of six established diagnostic tests were adapted from Effectiveness Assessment of Circuit Breaker Diagnostics: Characterization of Established Diagnostic Tests and Simulator Development. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA: 2014. 3002004007.

Chapter 4 - Investigating and Understanding Circuit Breaker Problems and Failures

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction and Overview

This chapter is directed to utility engineering staff involved in maintenance of high voltage circuit breakers. The objective is to provide information and guidance to support effective practices that maintain service reliability and extend breaker life. The work complements other EPRI efforts associated with circuit breaker knowledge capture, training, field guide development, and maintenance.

One important aspect of an effective circuit breaker maintenance program is the identification of failures and problems that can occur during a circuit breaker’s lifetime. These failures and problems vary for each circuit breaker depending on such factors as type of interrupting medium (oil, vacuum or SF₆ gas), type of operating mechanism (pneumatic, hydraulic or spring), type of bushings (oil-filled capacitor, SF₆ gas filled or solid), differences in manufacturer’s designs, operating and environmental conditions as well as the circuit breaker’s maintenance program. Improvements in the effectiveness of the circuit breaker’s maintenance program can be made by identifying failures and problems that can occur to that circuit breaker and to develop a maintenance program that will detect and prevent or minimize damage from these events occurring.

Chapter 5 - Circuit Breaker Lubrication

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction

This chapter is directed to utility engineering staff involved in maintenance of high voltage circuit breakers. The objective is to provide information and guidance to support effective lubrication practices that maintain service reliability and extend breaker life. The work complements other EPRI efforts associated with circuit breaker knowledge capture, training, field guide development, and maintenance.

High voltage circuit breakers require very fast operation of complex mechanical assemblies for successful operation. Consequently, various critical components of these mechanisms, such as bearings, must be properly lubricated to assure correct motion. Aged or improperly specified or applied greases can slow mechanism operation beyond acceptable limits. Therefore, the choice of lubricants can affect the reliable operation of a breaker. However, lubricant formulations have improved in the last decade and many of the greases originally specified by breaker manufacturers may no longer be the best choice, may have been reformulated or may not be available. There is little guidance for utilities to help understand the issues involved in selecting the proper lubricant for maintaining breakers for specific applications.

Chapter 6 - Pump and Compressor Maintenance

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction

This chapter presents interim results of work conducted as part of EPRI’s high voltage circuit breaker life management program and documents the initial results of investigations of issues concerning transmission class circuit breaker pump and compressor maintenance and possible improvements in materials and practices that could improve maintenance effectiveness.

Historically, high voltage circuit breaker maintenance has been based on service time and, to a lesser extent, operations count. Such an approach has served the industry well but recent concerns, such as aging infrastructure, limited maintenance resources, and increased demand for service reliability, have prompted maintenance and asset managers to investigate possible maintenance improvements. Understanding the aging of high voltage circuit breaker subsystems and components is a necessary step in fashioning better maintenance programs.

Chapter 7 - Evaluation of Cleaners for SF6 Circuit Breaker Interrupters

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction

Overview

The main function of a power circuit breaker is to interrupt current upon receiving a signal to open and to connect current carrying equipment together when commanded to close. High voltage circuit breakers perform a critical role in the operation of the electric power delivery system. Not only are they integral for the protection of other system components under fault conditions but their reliable switching operations also are necessary for maintaining optimum system conditions and power transfers during normal operating and maintenance situations. A breaker’s failure to operate as required may result in equipment damage, increased system disturbance, increased energy costs and/or loss of load.

Chapter 8 - Transmission Circuit Breaker Specifications and Procurement

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction

This chapter discusses specifications and procurement of high voltage power circuit breakers rated 72.5kV and above and is directed at currently available breakers. Some content may not apply to older breakers.

When requesting circuit breakers for lower voltages, such as 23, 34.5 & 46kV, the 72.5kV model is typically offered with some possible modifications for the reduced clearances. For example, bushings rated for the lower system voltage.

At present, the vast majority of high voltage circuit breakers available in this voltage range utilize Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF₆) gas in a single pressure system for current interruption and dielectric insulation. Alternatives include vacuum interrupting and utilizing dry air for interruption and/or insulation.

Chapter 9 - Installation

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction

As a continuation of the material in Chapter 8, Specifications and Procurement, this chapter will also be limited to single pressure SF₆ transmission circuit breakers rated 72.5kV and above. The circuit breaker installation is assumed to be in an outdoor substation. Circuit breakers installed in indoor substations require methods, practices and procedures outside the scope of this discussion.

Because of the wide variation of type and models provided by the manufactures, this chapter is not meant to provide comprehensive or detailed instructions. Instead, consider this an overview providing guidance from delivery to placing a circuit breaker into service. As always, manufacturers’ guidance and applicable standards should be followed. Best safety, operation and construction practices must be followed throughout the installation, test and commissioning of the circuit breaker.

Chapter 10 - Continuing Development

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

EPRI’s Circuit Breaker Guidebook is being developed to capture the knowledge of leading breaker experts to provide a comprehensive reference on breaker procurement, operation, maintenance, and life-cycle management.

Development of the Guidebook is an ongoing multiyear effort. Diagnostic testing was selected as the first chapter to be written on the basis of input from EPRI members who identified a pressing need for better information and guidance on the efficacy of different diagnostic tests. Investigating and understanding problems and failures was selected as the second chapter based upon input from EPRI members who expressed a high level of interest in learning more about how and why circuit breakers fail and how to perform a root cause analysis of the failure. Additional chapters are being added based on utility guidance.