P35.008: Enhancing Transmission Line Resiliency

Objective

Overhead transmission line failures have significant adverse impacts on both utilities and the general public, making line resiliency a critical priority for the electric power industry. Achieving and maintaining resiliency is increasingly challenging due to the combined effects of an aging transmission infrastructure and evolving climate conditions. Recent reliability statistics indicate a sustained global increase in weather‑related outages, underscoring the growing influence of severe weather and storm events on transmission system performance. These trends highlight the need for enhanced resilience measures across power systems.

Beyond structural robustness, transmission resiliency also depends on a utility’s ability to rapidly assess damage and restore service following extreme weather events. Accordingly, the objectives of this project are to provide utilities with guidance and tools to improve overhead line resiliency through the hardening of new and existing transmission lines and, when failures do occur, to limit, contain, and manage the extent of damage to support faster and safer system restoration.

Research Value

This research is expected to deliver significant resiliency benefits through the informed and appropriate application of technologies, engineering tools, and design practices aimed at reducing or preventing unintended structural, mechanical, and geotechnical failures of overhead transmission lines.

The project provides guidance to support intelligent hardening strategies for both new and existing transmission assets. It also advances understanding of grid sensitivities and dominant modes of failure, improving the accuracy with which low‑probability, high‑impact loading events and associated uncertainties can be quantified.

In addition, emergency restoration capabilities may be enhanced through access to improved restoration strategies, enabling utilities to respond more effectively to extreme events and accelerate service restoration.

Approach

In 2027, EPRI aims to enhance transmission line resiliency by performing the following tasks:

Update the EPRI Transmission Line Reference Book: Conductor and Structure Motion (The Orange Book): Minor (editorial) updates are expected on the Orange Book in 2027, which intends to be released for the benefit of new members.

Provide Orange Book Overview & Single Conductor Aeolian Vibration Training: EPRI aims to continue the production of selected training modules covering key chapters in The Orange Book. These events intend to be held in conjunction with EPRIU4T.

Quantify Transverse Cascading Loads: While EPRI and other institutions in the transmission industry have conducted research into longitudinal cascading events, transverse cascading loads remains a knowledge gap. EPRI aims to build and operate a transverse cascading test line to quantify loads experienced by structures during these events and ultimately help engineers design against them. In 2026, EPRI aims to install a test line and perform exploratory tests to simulate transverse cascades to then execute upon in subsequent years.

Broken Wire Loads for Bundled Conductors: EPRI’s multi-year research effort to quantify the magnitude of broken wire conductors was conducted exclusively for single wire conductors. There is reason to believe that a bundled conductor configuration may offer some damping during a broken conductor event, which intends to significantly reduce the impact for many transmission lines. EPRI plans to conduct full scale tests and simulations to quantify this impact.

Reliability and Repair Methods for Damaged Traditional and Advanced Conductors: EPRI aims to produce research into suitable repair methods to address conductors that have been compromised. Reliability aspects, such as efficacy of bolted, compression or preformed product repair devices vs extent of conductor damage intends to be assessed. The guide also aims to address damage to advanced conductors.

Derive Lessons from Failure: With every structural or mechanical failure event, there is a potentially valuable lesson to be learned by line design engineers. Very often the events leading to failure are often multi-dimensional. When the root causes and possible preventative actions from these events are documented, they can teach engineers how to become better designers. In 2027, EPRI aims to add multiple case studies to its current guide on documented failures related to how structures have failed in the past and how future generations of engineers may use this information to achieve more resilient designs.

Optimal design and intervals for anti-cascade structures: Engineers are often confronted with the question of how long the intervals between anti-cascading, high-strength structures should be. EPRI aims to research the question from the perspective of risk adjusted cost of line reliability. Guidance on the appropriate design of anti-cascade towers intends to also be provided.

Rapid Response Emergency Tower: The Rapid Response Emergency Tower was developed under EPRI’s Technology Innovation Program in support of project 35.008. In 2027, EPRI aims to complete final production plans for the system based on lessons learnt from the prototype demonstrations in 2026.

Provide Tools and Resources on the Transmission Resource Center: The following calculators, tools, result summaries, and references are planned to be available on the Resiliency Transmission Resource Center:

Resource Title Resource Type
Dynamic Impact Load Testing – 2023 Results Results Summary
Learning from Failure – Case Studies in Improved Engineering Results Summary
EPRI White Paper on Overhead Line Resiliency Reference
EPRI Transmission Line Reference Book: Conductor and Structure Motion (The Orange Book) Reference

Anticipated Deliverables

Product Name Deliverable Type
EPRI Transmission Line Reference Book: Conductor and Structure Motion (The Orange Book)   Technical Update
Orange Book Seminar 3 – Designing for Galloping and Ice Shedding   Training Workshop
Quantification of Transverse Cascading Loads: 2027 Edition Technical Update
Broken Wire Loads for Bundled Conductors Technical Update
Reliability and Repair Methods for Damaged Traditional and Advanced Conductors Technical Update
Optimal design and intervals for anti-cascade structures Technical Update
Learning from Failure - Case Studies in Improved Engineering: 2027 Edition Technical Update
Rapid Response Emergency Tower Technical Update

Past EPRI Work on Topic

Product ID Title Description Published Date
3002032767
Practical Determination of Dynamic Load Impact Factors EPRI constructed a unique test facility to enable extensive evaluation of multiple factors that affect broken conductor load magnitudes. Empirical data from the facility enabled the calibration of an accurate dynamic FEM model and the compilation of a simplified algorithm to quantify the magnitude of broken conductor loads unique to a transmission line application. Nov. 2025
3002032768 Learning from Failure - Case Studies in Improved Engineering This ongoing research documents the root causes associated with various failures of structures, hardware and foundations and discusses appropriate solutions to prevent future reoccurrences. Application of this research should result and significant improvements in resiliency. Dec. 2025
3002029589 Improved Guidance on Forensic Investigations Forensic investigation as a critical aspect of resiliency as it can enable identification of key root causes leading to failure. This report and to facilitate forensic investigation through establishing improved protocols the use of modern equipment. Dec. 2024
3002027006
Tools and Solutions for Effective Emergency Line Restoration This extensive report covers a wide range of emergency restoration systems, effective restoration strategy, emergency restoration training, and tools useful for emergency repairs on transmission systems. Dec. 2023